切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (02) : 72 -78. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2026.02.002

骨质疏松

双能X线骨密度测定法与腰椎CT诊断在骨质疏松患者功能锻炼指导中的应用研究
张翠猛, 王玉, 王小影, 李大全, 郭敬然()   
  1. 063000 唐山市第二医院脊柱一科
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-16 出版日期:2026-04-05
  • 通信作者: 郭敬然
  • 基金资助:
    河北省2017年度医学科学研究重点课题计划(20171315)

Application of Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Lumbar CT Diagnosis in Functional Exercise Guidance for Osteoporosis Patients

Cuimeng Zhang, Yu Wang, Xiaoying Wang, Haohui Yang, Jingran Guo()   

  1. Department of Spine I, Tangshan Second Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
  • Received:2025-12-16 Published:2026-04-05
  • Corresponding author: Jingran Guo
引用本文:

张翠猛, 王玉, 王小影, 李大全, 郭敬然. 双能X线骨密度测定法与腰椎CT诊断在骨质疏松患者功能锻炼指导中的应用研究[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2026, 12(02): 72-78.

Cuimeng Zhang, Yu Wang, Xiaoying Wang, Haohui Yang, Jingran Guo. Application of Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Lumbar CT Diagnosis in Functional Exercise Guidance for Osteoporosis Patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(02): 72-78.

目的

探讨双能X线骨密度测定法(DXA)与腰椎CT对骨质疏松症(OP)及其并发症的诊断价值,并评估其在康复锻炼指导中的应用效果。

方法

选取2020年1月至2022年1月本院收治的OP及其并发症患者147例作为研究对象,男64例,女83例,年龄(66.49±5.58)岁。根据有无骨质疏松症并发症,将所纳受试者分成对照组(单纯OP患者73例)和观察组(OP合并并发症者74例),两组均予以DXA和腰椎CT检查,观察并比较两种检测方法诊断骨质疏松症及其并发症的患病率。将观察组74例患者随机分为DXA指导组(37例)和CT指导组(37例),制定个性化锻炼方案并进行6个月随访,评估锻炼依从性和效果。

结果

①观察组的L2~L4骨密度均值、髋部T值、腰椎最低T值均低于对照组,L1椎体CT值显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②对照组和观察组的腰椎(L2-4)DXA的T值、骨密度均值与L1椎体CT值均呈正相关(P<0.001)。③观察组DXA检测结果显示,轻度骨质疏松、中度骨质疏松、重度骨质疏松各59.46%、22.97%、17.57%,腰椎CT检测结果显示,骨质疏松、骨量减少、骨量正常各56.76%、27.03%、16.22%,DXA与腰椎检测结果Kappa=0.721,提示两者的一致性较高。④在观察组中,CT指导组患者锻炼总依从性显著高于DXA指导组(86.5% vs 75.7%,P<0.05)。⑤6个月后CT指导组骨密度改善更明显,腰椎T值从-2.33±1.25提高到-2.15±1.19,DXA指导组从-2.37±1.21提高到-2.26±1.18(组间改善幅度P<0.05)。⑥CT指导组疼痛缓解效果更佳,VAS评分从(5.72±1.85)分降至(3.18±1.41)分,DXA指导组从5.81±1.92降至3.76±1.58(P<0.05)。⑦患者满意度CT指导组显著高于DXA指导组(4.35±0.62 vs 4.08±0.71,P<0.05)。

结论

在OP及其并发症的临床检测用DXA与腰椎CT检测结果准确性均高,腰椎CT更适合用于OP及其合并症的检测。在OP并发症患者中,基于CT诊断制定的个性化锻炼方案在提高依从性、改善骨密度和缓解疼痛方面均优于DXA指导方案。

Objective

To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and lumbar spine CT in the diagnosis of osteoporosis (OP) and its complications, and to evaluate their effectiveness in guiding rehabilitation exercises.

Methods

A total of 147 patients with osteoporosis (OP) admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and January 2022 were selected as study subjects, including 64 men and 83 women, with a mean age of (66.49±5.58) years. Based on the presence or absence of osteoporosis complications, the enrolled subjects were divided into a control group (73 patients with uncomplicated OP) and an experimental group (74 patients with OP and complications). Both groups underwent DXA and lumbar spine CT examinations to observe and compare the prevalence of osteoporosis and its complications diagnosed by the two methods. The 74 patients in the experimental group were randomly divided into a DXA-guided group (37 patients) and a CT-guided group (37 patients). Personalized exercise regimens were developed, and participants were followed up for 6 months to assess exercise adherence and efficacy.

Results

① The mean bone mineral density at L2-L4, hip T-score, and lowest lumbar T-score in the experimental group were all lower than those in the control group, and the CT value of the L1 vertebra was significantly lower than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). ② In both the control and experimental groups, the DXA T-scores and mean bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) were positively correlated with the CT values of the L1 vertebra (P<0.001). ③DXA results in the experimental group showed that 59.46%, 22.97%, and 17.57% of patients had mild, moderate, and severe osteoporosis, respectively. Lumbar spine CT results showed that 56.76%, 27.03%, and 16.22% of patients had osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal bone mass, respectively. The Kappa coefficient between DXA and lumbar spine CT results was 0.721, indicating a high degree of consistency between the two. ④In the experimental group, overall exercise adherence was significantly higher in the CT-guided group than in the DXA-guided group (86.5% vs. 75.7%, P<0.05). ⑤ After 6 months, the CT-guided group showed more pronounced improvements in bone density, with lumbar spine T-scores increasing from -2.33±1.25 to -2.15±1.19, while the DXA-guided group improved from -2.37±1.21 to -2.26±1.18 (P<0.05 for the difference in improvement between groups). ⑥ Pain relief was more pronounced in the CT guidance group, with VAS scores decreasing from 5.72±1.85 to 3.18±1.41, while in the DXA guidance group, scores decreased from 5.81±1.92 to 3.76±1.58 (P<0.05). ⑦ Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the CT-guided group than in the DXA-guided group (4.35 ± 0.62 vs. 4.08 ± 0.71, P<0.05).

Conclusion

Both DXA and lumbar CT offer high accuracy in the clinical detection of OP and its complications; however, lumbar CT is more suitable for the detection of OP and its complications. Among patients with OP complications, personalized exercise programs based on CT-guided diagnosis were superior to DXA-guided programs in terms of improving adherence, enhancing bone density, and alleviating pain.

表1 有无骨质疏松并发症患者的基线资料对比
图1 腰椎CT矢状位重建图像。男,72岁,视图为腰椎矢状位CT重建,显示腰椎生理曲度存在,椎体序列连续。影像表现:腰椎椎体普遍性骨质密度减低,骨皮质变薄,骨小梁稀疏、变细,部分区域骨小梁减少,呈骨质疏松特征性改变
表2 有无骨质疏松并发症患者的骨密度比较(±s
图2 DXA值与腰椎CT值的相关性分析的L1椎体CT值散点图
表3 DXA值与腰椎CT值诊断OP及其并发症的结果比较[例(%)]
表4 不同诊断方法指导下的锻炼依从性比较[例(%)]
表5 锻炼前后骨密度指标变化比较(±s
1
蔺吉新.基于中医"治未病"理论研究骨水泥体积/椎体体积对胸腰椎PKP术后残余痛的分析[D].济南:山东中医药大学, 2022.
2
张震岳.基于"中医整体观"研究脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡对椎体成形(后凸)术后继发骨折的影响[D].济南:山东中医药大学, 2022.
3
李庆达. OTLICS评分系统在急性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者治疗中的应用[D].延安大学, 2022.
4
刘瑞奇.骨质疏松骨折患者并发症的发生率、风险因素和经济负担研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2017.
5
Hansson S, Rolfson O, Åkesson K, et al. Complications and patient-reported outcome after hip fracture. A consecutive annual cohort study of 664 patients [J]. Injury, 2015, 46(11): 2206-2211.
6
Henderson CY, Ryan JP. Predicting mortality following hip fracture: an analysis of comorbidities and complications [J]. Ir J Med Sci, 2015, 184(3): 667-671.
7
Roche JJW, Wenn RT, Sahota O, et al. Effect of comorbidities and postoperative complications on mortality after hip fracture in elderly People: prospective observational cohort study [J]. BMJ, 2005, 331(7529): 1374.
8
凯依塞尔·阿布都克力木,麦麦提敏·阿卜力米提,李磊,等.女性腰椎退行性病变患者腰椎CT值对骨质疏松症的诊断作用[J].中国组织工程研究, 2024, 28(6): 945-949.
9
Zou D, Li WS, Deng C, et al. The use of CT Hounsfield unit values to identify the undiagnosed spinal osteoporosis in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases [J]. Eur Spine J, 2019, 28(8): 1758-1766.
10
Schreiber JJ, Anderson PA, Rosas HG, et al. Hounsfield units for assessing bone mineral density and strength: a tool for osteoporosis management [J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2011, 93(11): 1057-1063.
11
Alacreu E, Moratal D, Arana E. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis by routine CT in Southern Europe [J]. Osteoporos Int, 2017, 28(3): 983-990.
12
Zaidi Q, Danisa OA, Cheng W. Measurement techniques and utility of hounsfield unit values for assessment of bone quality prior to spinal instrumentation: a review of current literature [J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2019, 44(4): E239-E244.
13
吴文瑶,张谨,郑华,等.世界医学协会《赫尔辛基宣言》:涉及人类受试者的医学研究伦理原则[J].中华疼痛学杂志, 2020, 16(2): 92-95.
14
Pickhardt PJ, Pooler BD, Lauder T, et al. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using abdominal computed tomography scans obtained for other indications [J]. Ann Intern Med, 2013, 158(8): 588-595.
15
Hendrickson NR, Pickhardt PJ, Del Rio AM, et al. Bone mineral density T-Scores derived from CT attenuation numbers (hounsfield units): clinical utility and correlation with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [J]. Iowa Orthop J, 2018, 38: 25-31.
16
Lee SJ, Binkley N, Lubner MG, et al. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using the sagittal Reconstruction from routine abdominal CT for combined assessment of vertebral fractures and density [J]. Osteoporos Int, 2016, 27(3): 1131-1136.
17
Choi MK, Kim SM, Lim JK. Diagnostic efficacy of Hounsfield units in spine CT for the assessment of real bone mineral density of degenerative spine: correlation study between T-scores determined by DEXA scan and Hounsfield units from CT [J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2016, 158(7): 1421-1427.
18
Hocaoglu E, Inci E, Vural M. Could computed tomography hounsfield unit values of lumbar vertebrae detect osteoporosis? [J]. Curr Med Imaging, 2021, 17(8): 988-995.
19
Hamdy RC, Petak SM, Lenchik L, et al. Which central dual X-ray absorptiometry skeletal sites and regions of interest should be used to determine the diagnosis of osteoporosis? [J]. J Clin Densitom, 2002, 5 Suppl: S11-S18.
20
边平达,应奇峰,钱素凤,等. 270例高龄老人股骨近端和腰椎正位骨密度对比分析[J].中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志, 2013, 6(3): 255-256.
21
Muraki S, Yamamoto S, Ishibashi H, et al. Impact of degenerative spinal diseases on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in elderly women [J]. Osteoporos Int, 2004, 15(9): 724-728.
22
姚倩倩,李娟,朱春雨,等.胸腰段椎体CT值对骨质疏松骨折预测意义[J].中国矫形外科杂志, 2021, 29(10): 943-946.
23
吴良雨.腰椎CT值评估强直性脊柱炎患者骨质疏松以及骨质疏松性椎体骨折和螺钉松动情况[J].现代医用影像学, 2021, 30(11): 2111-2114.
24
Löffler MT, Jacob A, Scharr A, et al. Automatic opportunistic osteoporosis screening in routine CT: improved prediction of patients with prevalent vertebral fractures compared to DXA [J]. Eur Radiol, 2021, 31(8): 6069-6077.
25
Schini M, Vilaca T, Gossiel F, et al. Bone turnover markers: basic biology to clinical applications [J]. Endocr Rev. 2023, 44(3): 417-473.
26
Engelke K, Adams JE, Armbrecht G, et al. Clinical use of quantitative computed tomography and peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the management of osteoporosis in adults: the 2015 ISCD Official Positions-Part Ⅲ [J]. J Clin Densitom, 2015, 18(3): 393-407.
[1] 董书恒, 孙庆, 屈一鸣. 椎体成形术联合抗骨质疏松药物治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(05): 586-596.
[2] 刘嘉颖, 刘康妍, 梁江声, 杨远良, 苏嘉. 骨疏康联合抗骨质疏松药促进老年髋部脆性骨折术后愈合[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 21-26.
[3] 戴睿, 张亮, 陈浏阳, 张永博, 吴丕根, 孙华, 杨盛, 孟博. 肠道菌群与椎间盘退行性变相关性的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2024, 19(06): 546-549.
[4] 石宛鑫, 商子梦, 吴桐, 卢帅, 邱倩, 徐艳利, 张强, 江宇泳, 刘秀颖, 蒋协远, 杨志云. 新型冠状病毒感染后中老年人维生素D缺乏对骨质疏松患病风险的影响[J/OL]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 136-145.
[5] 田井梅, 袁玉霞, 李长桂, 龙舟, 杨聚豪, 汪涓. 肺-骨轴及其在COPD并发骨质疏松症中的机制研究进展[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2026, 19(01): 168-172.
[6] 余辉, 王双兰, 吴庆能, 杨昌其, 彭峰扬, 郭灯亮, 张艺, 崔丽, 吴佳佳. 血清骨保护素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病骨丢失和骨质疏松诊断的关系[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2025, 18(04): 546-551.
[7] 曾凯, 樊仕才. 老年骨盆脆性骨折的治疗进展[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(06): 372-378.
[8] 沈二栋, 庄岩, 周凤金, 雷金来, 张堃. 骨盆机能不全骨折的诊治[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(04): 251-256.
[9] 张元华, 许开, 袁昆, 于成月, 赵冬临, 孙建威, 高小康. 两种康复锻炼方式对髌骨外侧挤压综合征术后的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(04): 222-230.
[10] 李祖涛, 阿布都艾尼·热吾提, 车立新, 徐江波, 赵清斌. 应用生物信息学技术鉴定并验证绝经后骨质疏松症中靶点基因[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(04): 193-200.
[11] 王敬博, 宋伟福, 杨阳, 张云鸽, 李欣. 维生素D受体基因与老年骨质疏松关系[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(03): 186-192.
[12] 黄韬, 杨晓华, 薛天森, 肖睿. 改良“蛋壳”技术治疗老年OVCF及对脊柱矢状面平衡参数、预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(06): 340-348.
[13] 谭明明, 战世强, 侯宏涛, 曾翔硕. 经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定术对骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者临床研究[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(06): 349-354.
[14] 盛鹏, 柏立哲, 张靖, 李丹, 曹宏. 低聚半乳糖增强去卵巢小鼠肠道屏障功能预防骨质流失[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 48-57.
[15] 鲍小明, 张小平, 郭卫东, 董鑫, 任坤, 赵海恩, 廖博. 皮质轨迹螺钉与椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病合并骨质疏松患者的疗效[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(11): 980-985.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?