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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (06) : 340 -348. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2024.06.004

脊柱专题

改良“蛋壳”技术治疗老年OVCF及对脊柱矢状面平衡参数、预后的影响
黄韬1,(), 杨晓华1, 薛天森1, 肖睿2   
  1. 1.621700 江油市第二人民医院骨外科
    2.644000 宜宾市第一人民医院骨外科
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-20 出版日期:2024-12-05
  • 通信作者: 黄韬
  • 基金资助:
    2016年四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题(16PJ586)

Effect of modified eggshell technique on OVCF in senile patients and spinal sagittal balance parame-ters and prognosis

Tao Huang1,(), Xiaohua Yang1, Tiansen Xue1, Rui Xiao2   

  1. 1.Department of Orthopedics,The Second People's Hospital of Jiangyou City 621700, China
    2.Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Yibin,644000,China
  • Received:2023-11-20 Published:2024-12-05
  • Corresponding author: Tao Huang
引用本文:

黄韬, 杨晓华, 薛天森, 肖睿. 改良“蛋壳”技术治疗老年OVCF及对脊柱矢状面平衡参数、预后的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(06): 340-348.

Tao Huang, Xiaohua Yang, Tiansen Xue, Rui Xiao. Effect of modified eggshell technique on OVCF in senile patients and spinal sagittal balance parame-ters and prognosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(06): 340-348.

目的

探究改良“蛋壳”技术对老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者脊柱矢状面平衡参数、预后的影响。

方法

选取2021年5月至2022年5月本院收治的101例老年OVCF患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组50例、研究组51例。对照组予以常规经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗,研究组予以改良“蛋壳”技术的PKP 治疗。比较两组手术情况、术后康复进程、不良事件发生率、骨水泥分布情况。对比分析两组术前、术后脊柱矢状面平衡参数[腰椎前凸角(LL)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、胸椎后凸角(TK)]、骨折愈合相关指标[骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID)、骨形态发生蛋白7(BMP-7)]水平、腰椎功能(ODI评分)、腰椎稳定性指标(伤椎前缘百分比、伤椎Cobb角)。

结果

所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6个月,男33 例,女68 例,平均年龄(72.71±3.74)岁。研究组骨水泥注入量[(8.21±0.83)ml]多于对照组的(6.35±0.64)ml,不良事件发生率3.92%低于对照组的18.00%,下床活动时间、住院时间分别为(2.39±0.75)h、(6.74±1.14)d,均短于对照组的(3.16±0.98)h、(7.38±1.26)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组骨水泥分布优良率88.24%,高于对照组的72.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 个月研究组LL、SS、伤椎前缘百分比分别为(50.43±2.26)°、(28.16±3.14)°、(94.18±3.05)%,高于对照组的(48.67±2.50)°、(26.73±2.81)°、(90.26±4.47)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月研究组LL、SS、伤椎前缘百分比分别为(50.14±2.39)°、(27.88±2.95)°、(93.56±3.41)%,高于对照组(48.26±2.44)°、(26.45±2.67)°、(89.75±4.29)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6 个月研究组LL、SS、伤椎前缘百分比分别为(49.98±2.51)°、(27.71±2.86)°、(93.18±3.77)%,高于对照组(47.81±2.39)°、(25.92±2.72)°、(89.34±4.18)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 个月研究组TK、ODI 评分、伤椎Cobb 角分别为(33.21±2.62)°、(17.29±2.23)分、(7.26±0.72)°,低于对照组(35.58±2.73)°、(19.85±2.41)分、(9.18±0.85)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3 个月研究组TK、ODI 评分、伤椎Cobb 角分别为(33.85±2.77)°、(17.71±2.46)分、(7.43±0.75)°,低于对照组(36.01±2.84)°、(20.15±2.59)分、(9.30±0.86)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月研究组TK、ODI评分、伤椎Cobb角分别为(34.16±2.89)°、(17.93±2.55)分、(7.51±0.80)°,低于对照组(36.49±2.90)°、(20.46±2.48)分、(9.43±0.84)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月研究组血清N-MID、BMP-7水平分别为(48.21±6.95)ng/ml、(2.44±0.35)ng/ml,高于对照组(43.82±6.48)ng/ml、(2.18±0.33)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3 个月研究组血清N-MID、BMP-7 水平分别为(44.57±6.17)ng/ml、(2.32±0.32)ng/ml,高于对照组(40.26±6.02)ng/ml、(1.97±0.30)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

改良“蛋壳”技术治疗老年OVCF 患者有利于术后康复,可改善骨水泥分布情况,纠正脊柱矢状面失衡状态,并可改善腰椎功能、腰椎稳定性,减少不良事件发生。

Objective

To explore the effects of modified"eggshell"technique on spinal sagittal balance parameters and prognosis in senile patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

Methods

A total of 101 elderly patients with OVCF admitted to our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as research objects, and randomly divided into control group (50 cases) and study group (51 cases). The control group was treated with conventional percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), and the study group was treated with modified"eggshell"technique PKP.Operation,postoperative rehabilitation,incidence of adverse events and distribution of bone cement were compared between the two groups. Preoperative and postoperative spinal sagittal balance parameters [lumbar lordosis Angle (LL), sacral inclination Angle (SS),thoracic kyphosis Angle (TK)], fracture healing related indexes [osteocalcin n-terminal molecular fragments(N-MID),bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP-7)],lumbar function(ODI score),and lumbar stability indexes (injured vertebra) were compared between the two groups Percentage of leading edge, Cobb Angle of injured vertebra).

Results

All patients were followed up for 6 months.There were 33 males and 68 females in each group,with an average age of 72.71±3.74 years.The study group had a higher cement injection volume of (8.21±0.83) ml than the control group's (6.35±0.64) ml, and the incidence of adverse events was 3.92%,which was lower than the control group's 18.00%, the time to get out of bed and hospitalization time were(2.39±0.75)hours and(6.74±1.14)days,respectively,which were shorter than the control group's(3.16±0.98)hours and(7.38±1.26)days,and the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05);the excellent and good rate of bone cement distribution in the study group was 88.24%, which was higher than the control group's 72.00%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);one month after surgery,the LL,SS,and the percentage of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra in the study group were(50.43±2.26)°,(28.16±3.14)°,and (94.18±3.05)%, respectively, which were higher than the control group's (48.67±2.50)°, (26.73±2.81)°,and (90.26±4.47)%, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05); three months after surgery, the LL,SS,and the percentage of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra in the study group were(50.14±2.39)°,(27.88±2.95)°, and (93.56±3.41)%, respectively, which were higher than the control group's (48.26±2.44)°,(26.45±2.67)°,and(89.75±4.29)%,and the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05);six months after surgery, the LL, SS, and the percentage of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra in the study group were(49.98±2.51)°, (27.71±2.86)°, and (93.18±3.77)%, respectively, which were higher than the control group's(47.81±2.39)°, (25.92±2.72)°, and (89.34±4.18)%, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05);one month after surgery, the TK, ODI score, and Cobb angle of the injured vertebra in the study group were(33.21±2.62)°, (17.29±2.23) scores, and (7.26±0.72)°, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group(35.58±2.73)°,(19.85±2.41)scores,and(9.18±0.85)°,respectively,and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05); three months after surgery, the TK, ODI score, and Cobb angle of the injured vertebra in the study group were (33.85±2.77)°, (17.71±2.46) scores, and (7.43±0.75)°, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group(36.01±2.84)°,(20.15±2.59)scores,and(9.30±0.86)°,respectively,and the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05);at 6 months after surgery,the TK,ODI score,and Cobb angle of the injured vertebra in the study group were (34.16±2.89)°, (17.93±2.55) scores, and(7.51±0.80)°, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (36.49±2.90)°, (20.46±2.48)scores, and (9.43 ± 0.84)°, respectively, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05); at one month after surgery, the serum N-MID and BMP-7 levels in the study group were (48.21±6.95) ng/ml and(2.44±0.35) ng/ml, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (43.82±6.48) ng/ml and(2.18±0.33)ng/ml,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);at three months after surgery,the serum N-MID and BMP-7 levels in the study group were(44.57±6.17)ng/ml and(2.32±0.32)ng/ml, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (40.26±6.02) ng/ml and (1.97±0.30) ng/ml, respectively, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The modified "eggshell" technique in the treatment of elderly patients with OVCF is beneficial to postoperative rehabilitation,can improve the distribution of bone cement, correct the spinal sagittal imbalance, improve lumbar function and stability,and reduce the occurrence of adverse events.

表1 两组老年OVCF患者一般资料(±s
图1 图a~b:男,71 岁,因腰痛1 周入院,诊断为L1椎体骨质疏松病理性骨折。a:对照组术前MRI显示L1椎体压缩性改变,椎体高度约为11 mm;b:对照组术后复查X片见骨水泥弥散好,但与骨组织铆合度低,椎体高度为13 mm左右 图c~d:女性,69岁,因腰部疼痛3天入院,诊断为L3椎体骨质疏松病理性骨折。c:研究组术前腰椎X片及MEI检查提示L3椎体压缩性改变,椎体高度约17 mm左右;d:研究组术后术后复查X片可见骨水泥弥散良好,骨组织铆合度高,椎体高度恢复至25 mm左右
表2 两组老年OVCF患者手术情况、术后康复进程[例(%)]
表3 两组老年OVCF患者骨水泥分布情况[例(%)]
图2 两组手术前后脊柱矢状面平衡参数变化直方图
表4 两组老年OVCF患者脊柱矢状面平衡参数(±s,°)
图3 两组手术前后血清N-MID、BMP-7水平变化直方图
表5 两组老年OVCF患者血清N-MID、BMP-7水平(ng/ml,±s
图4 两组手术前后腰椎功能及腰椎稳定性指标变化直方图
表6 两组老年OVCF患者腰椎功能及腰椎稳定性指标[例(%)]
表7 两组老年OVCF患者术后不良事件(±s
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