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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (03) : 140 -146. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2022.03.003

脊柱专题

胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折术后再发骨折的影响因素分析
邓文军1,(), 余绍金1, 谢剑龙1   
  1. 1. 516006 中信惠州医院骨外科
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-11 出版日期:2022-06-05
  • 通信作者: 邓文军
  • 基金资助:
    惠州市科技局项目(210521114570622)

Analysis of influencing factors of osteoporotic compression fractures of thoracolumbar vertebrae after PVP and recurrent fractures after PKP

Wenjun Deng1,(), Shaojin Yu1, Jianlong Xie1   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopedics, ZhongXin Huizhou Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China
  • Received:2022-03-11 Published:2022-06-05
  • Corresponding author: Wenjun Deng
引用本文:

邓文军, 余绍金, 谢剑龙. 胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折术后再发骨折的影响因素分析[J]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2022, 08(03): 140-146.

Wenjun Deng, Shaojin Yu, Jianlong Xie. Analysis of influencing factors of osteoporotic compression fractures of thoracolumbar vertebrae after PVP and recurrent fractures after PKP[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(03): 140-146.

目的

探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折(OVCF)经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)术后近期再发骨折的危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析2017年9月至2021年9月于中信惠州医院因胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折行PVP或PKP术的562例患者的临床资料,男192例,女370例,平均年龄(76±8)岁,分为再发骨折组(n=72)与未再发骨折组(n=490)。将患者性别、年龄、体重、身高、体质指数(BMI)、骨密度QCT值、椎体后凸角(Cobb)、手术方式、既往有无骨折病史、骨水泥注入量、穿刺方法、是否规律使用抗骨质疏松药物治疗、骨水泥是否渗漏等变量纳入术后再发性骨折的危险因素分析。

结果

562例患者获得随访,随访率95.90%,随访时间(14±4)月。1年内再骨折发生率为12.81%(72/562),3个月内再发骨折的人数占总发生率的15.28%(11/72)。单因素分析示,年龄、性别、QCT值、既往有无骨折病史、是否规律使用抗骨质疏松药物治疗以及骨水泥是否渗漏与PVP或PKP术后再骨折有关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析示,高龄(OR=1.095,95% CI:1.079,1.111)、既往其他骨折病史(OR=1.311,95% CI:1.082,1.633)与骨水泥渗漏(OR=1.756,95% CI:1.112,2.797)是胸腰椎OVCF患者行PVP或PKP术后近期再骨折的主要危险因素,规律使用抗骨质疏松药物治疗(OR=0.130,95% CI:0.012,0.347)为术后近期再骨折的保护因素(P<0.05)。

结论

胸腰椎OVCF患者行PVP或PKP术后再骨折的主要危险因素为高龄、既往存在其他骨折病史与骨水泥渗漏。建议患者术后合理补充钙剂,规律服用抗骨质疏松药物。

Objective

To investigate the risk factors of recent recurrence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OVCF) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).

Methods

The clinical data of 562 patients who underwent PVP or PKP for thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures in CITIC Huizhou Hospital from September 2017 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 192 males and 370 females with an average age (76±8) years old, divided into recurrent fracture group (n=72) and non-recurrent fracture group (n=490). The patient's gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density QCT value, kyphosis angle (Cobb), surgical method, previous history of fracture, bone cement injection volume, puncture method, and regular use Variables such as anti-osteoporosis drug treatment and bone cement leakage were included in the risk factor analysis of postoperative recurrent fractures.

Results

562 patients were followed up, the follow-up rate was 95.90%, and the follow-up time was (14±4) months. The incidence of refracture within 1 year was 12.81% (72/562), and the number of refracture within 3 months accounted for 15.28% (11/72) of the total incidence. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, QCT value, history of fracture, regular use of anti-osteoporosis drugs, and bone cement leakage were associated with refracture after PVP or PKP (P<0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (OR=1.095, 95% CI: 1.079, 1.111), other history of other fractures (OR=1.311, 95% CI: 1.082, 1.633) and bone cement leakage (OR=1.756, 95% CI: 1.112, 2.797) was the main risk factor for recent refracture after PVP or PKP in patients with thoracolumbar OVCF, and regular use of anti-osteoporosis drugs (OR=0.130, 95% CI: 0.012, 0.347) was the protective factor for recent refracture after surgery (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The main risk factors for re-fracture in patients with thoracolumbar OVCF undergoing PVP or PKP are advanced age, previous history of other fractures, and bone cement leakage. It is recommended that patients take reasonable calcium supplements and take anti-osteoporosis drugs regularly.

图11~12 PKP术后再发腰2椎体骨折
表1 影响PVP或PKP术后再发性骨折的单因素分析[例(%)]
变量 再发骨折组(n=72) 未再发骨折组(n=490) χ2/t/Z P
年龄(岁)     3.319 <0.001
    77.28±8.42 73.15±10.05    
性别     6.261 0.012
  34(47.22) 158(32.24)    
  38(52.78) 332(67.76)    
BMI(kg/m2     1.310 0.191
    21.35±2.21 20.83±3.26    
术前合并症        
  糖尿病 25(34.72) 198(40.41) 0.848 0.357
  高血压 41(56.94) 223(45.51) 3.295 0.070
  冠心病 23(31.94) 168(34.29) 0.153 0.695
骨折分型     0.171 0.864
  Ⅰ级 24(33.33) 157(32.04)    
  Ⅱ级 31(43.06) 216(44.08)    
  Ⅲ级 17(23.61) 117(23.88)    
QCT值(mg/cm3     1.735 0.083
    58.44±12.13 61.96±16.57    
Cobb角(°)     1.238 0.216
    16.98±1.14 17.15±1.08    
手术方式     3.664 0.056
  PVP 26(36.11) 236(48.16)    
  PKP 46(63.89) 254(51.84)    
既往有无骨折病史     17.141 <0.001
  49(68.06) 206(42.04)    
  23(31.94) 284(57.96)    
骨水泥注入量(ml)     1.500 0.134
    3.55±0.72 3.73±0.98    
穿刺方法     1.093 0.296
  单侧 14(19.44) 72(14.69)    
  双侧 58(80.56) 418(85.31)    
是否规律使用抗骨质疏松药物治疗     7.502 0.006
  15(20.83) 183(37.35)    
  57(79.17) 307(62.65)    
术后并发症        
  低血压 8(11.11) 59(12.04) 0.052 0.820
  骨水泥渗漏 18(25.00) 42(8.57) 17.767 <0.001
  骨水泥肺栓塞 4(5.56) 35(7.14) 0.061 0.805
表2 影响PVP或PKP术后再发性骨折的相关因素变量赋值
表3 影响PVP或PKP术后再发性骨折的多因素分析
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