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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (03) : 159 -165. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2026.03.005

髋部骨折

THA手术时机选择对老年股骨颈骨折患者结局的影响
张嘉木(), 王万垠, 周落亮, 陈扬帆, 蔡文华, 郭亮   
  1. 610000 成都八一骨科医院关节脊柱外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 出版日期:2026-06-05
  • 通信作者: 张嘉木
  • 基金资助:
    2021年四川省医学会骨科(尚安通)专项科研课题(2021SAT28)

Impact of timing selection for THA on outcomes in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture

Jiamu Zhang(), Wanyin Wang, Luoliang Zhou, Yangfan Chen, Wenhua Cai, Liang Guo   

  1. Department of Joint and Spine Surgery, Chengdu Bayi Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
  • Received:2025-09-25 Published:2026-06-05
  • Corresponding author: Jiamu Zhang
引用本文:

张嘉木, 王万垠, 周落亮, 陈扬帆, 蔡文华, 郭亮. THA手术时机选择对老年股骨颈骨折患者结局的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2026, 12(03): 159-165.

Jiamu Zhang, Wanyin Wang, Luoliang Zhou, Yangfan Chen, Wenhua Cai, Liang Guo. Impact of timing selection for THA on outcomes in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(03): 159-165.

目的

探究老年股骨颈骨折(FNF)患者全髋关节置换术(THA)时机选择对术后结局的影响。

方法

选择2021年8月至2024年8月收治的158例老年FNF患者为研究对象。根据THA手术时机选择的不同,将患者分为研究组(骨折48 h内行THA手术,n=79)和对照组(骨折48 h后行THA手术,n=79)。为进一步平衡两组之间的潜在差异,采用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)以1:1的比例对基线资料进行匹配。对匹配后患者的围术期资料、髋功能情况[Harris髋关节评分(HHS)、髋部骨折功能恢复评分(FRS)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)]进行比较分析。Cox比例风险模型分析时机选择对并发症事件的影响。

结果

PSM后,研究组和对照组各匹配到59例患者,基线资料具有可比性(P>0.05)。较对照组,研究组手术时间、术后住院时间更短(P<0.05),术中出血量、并发症发生率更低(P<0.05)。两组HHS评分、FRS评分较术前升高(P<0.05),VAS评分较术前降低(P<0.05),且研究组变化更为明显(P<0.05)。Cox比例风险模型分析显示,校正协变量后,骨折后48 h以内行THA手术仍是降低FNF患者术后并发症发生的独立保护因素(HR=0.217,95% CI:0.060,0.784,P=0.020)。

结论

符合手术适应证且无明确禁忌证的老年FNF患者,骨折后48 h内行THA,术后髋功能评分提升及疼痛缓解更明显,且能降低术后并发症,临床上可以优先选择此方案。

Objective

To explore the impact of timing selection for total hip arthroplasty (THA) on postoperative outcomes in the elderly with femoral neck fracture (FNF).

Methods

A total of 158 elderly patients with FNF admitted from August 2021 to August 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the different timing of THA, the patients were divided into the study group (undergoing THA within 48 h after fracture, n=79) and the control group (undergoing THA after 48 h of fracture, n=79). To further balance the potential differences between the two groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the baseline data at a ratio of 1:1. Perioperative data and hip joint function [Harris hip score (HHS), Functional recovery scale (FRS) for hip fracture, Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain] of the matched patients were compared and analyzed. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the impact of timing selection on complication events.

Results

After PSM, 59 patients were matched in both the study group and the control group, with comparable baseline data (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly shorter operation time and post-operative hospital stay (P<0.05), as well as significantly less intra-operative blood loss and a lower incidence of complications (P<0.05). HHS score and FRS score of both groups were significantly higher than those before surgery (P<0.05), while VAS scores were significantly lower than those before surgery (P<0.05), and these changes were more pronounced in the study group (P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards model analysis indicated that after adjusting for covariates, performing THA within 48 hours of admission remained an independent protective factor for reducing the incidence of post-operative complications in patients with FNF (HR=0.217, 95% CI: 0.060, 0.784, P=0.020).

Conclusion

For elderly patients with FNF who meet the surgical indications and have no clear contraindications, undergoing THA within 48 hours of fracture results in more significant improvement in hip function scores and pain relief, and a reduction in postoperative complications. This study recommends prioritizing this treatment regimen.

图1 老年FNF患者行THA的病例筛选、分组流程图
表1 PSM前后两组患者基线资料比较
指标 PSM前 PSM后
研究组(n=79) 对照组(n=79) χ2/t P 研究组(n=59) 对照组(n=59) χ2/t P
年龄(岁,±s 69.72±3.09 69.82±3.36 0.197 0.844 69.69±2.88 70.20±3.64 0.841 0.402
性别[例(%)]     0.408 0.523     0.311 0.577
45(56.96) 41(51.90)     35(59.32) 32(54.24)    
34(43.04) 38(48.10)     24(40.68) 27(45.76)    
体质量指数(kg/m2, ±s 24.92±2.66 24.60±2.56 0.753 0.452 24.89±2.68 24.77±2.66 0.235 0.815
患侧[例(%)]     0.228 0.633     0.000 1.000
37(46.84) 40(50.63)     29(49.15) 29(49.15)    
42(53.16) 39(49.37)     30(50.85) 30(50.85)    
Garden骨折分型[例(%)]     0.425 0.515     0.314 0.575
Ⅲ型 46(58.23) 50(63.29)     33(55.93) 36(61.02)    
Ⅳ型 33(41.77) 29(36.71)     26(44.07) 23(38.98)    
骨折原因[例(%)]     1.476 0.688     2.070 0.558
跌倒伤 49(62.03) 53(67.95)     36(61.02) 39(66.10)    
坠落伤 11(13.92) 12(15.38)     7(11.86) 10(16.95)    
交通事故 15(18.99) 11(14.10)     14(23.73) 9(15.25)    
其他 4(5.06) 2(2.56)     2(3.39) 1(1.69)    
高血压[例(%)]     0.845 0.358     0.100 0.752
9(11.39) 13(16.46)     5(8.47) 6(10.17)    
70(88.61) 66(83.54)     54(91.53) 53(89.83)    
糖尿病[例(%)]     1.769 0.184     0.076 0.782
9(11.39) 15(18.99)     8(13.56) 7(11.86)    
70(88.61) 64(81.01)     51(86.44) 52(88.14)    
冠心病[例(%)]     5.405 0.020     0.000 1.000
8(10.13) 19(24.05)     8(13.56) 8(13.56)    
71(89.87) 60(75.95)     51(86.44) 51(86.44)    
表2 两组患者围术期指标比较(±s
表3 两组患者手术前后髋功能评分比较[±sMP25P75)]
表4 两组患者术后并发症比较[例(%)]
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