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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (03) : 150 -158. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2026.03.004

康复医学

抗阻腹式呼吸联合盆底肌功能训练对腰椎术后综合征患者康复效果影响分析
杜若晨, 张振江, 邹佩, 何玉姣, 梁琨, 李亚莹, 任朝晖()   
  1. 410100 长沙,湘雅博爱康复医院骨关节康复科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-14 出版日期:2026-06-05
  • 通信作者: 任朝晖
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省卫生健康委科研计划项目(编号:D202316008837)

Analysis of the influence of resistance abdominal breathing training combined with pelvic floor muscle function training on the rehabilitation effect of patients with lumbar postoperative syndrome

Ruochen Du, Zhenjiang Zhang, Pei Zou, Yujiao He, Kun Liang, Yaying Li, Zhaohui Ren()   

  1. Department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha 410100, China
  • Received:2025-10-14 Published:2026-06-05
  • Corresponding author: Zhaohui Ren
引用本文:

杜若晨, 张振江, 邹佩, 何玉姣, 梁琨, 李亚莹, 任朝晖. 抗阻腹式呼吸联合盆底肌功能训练对腰椎术后综合征患者康复效果影响分析[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2026, 12(03): 150-158.

Ruochen Du, Zhenjiang Zhang, Pei Zou, Yujiao He, Kun Liang, Yaying Li, Zhaohui Ren. Analysis of the influence of resistance abdominal breathing training combined with pelvic floor muscle function training on the rehabilitation effect of patients with lumbar postoperative syndrome[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(03): 150-158.

目的

分析抗阻腹式呼吸训练联合盆底肌功能训练对腰椎术后综合征(FBSS)患者康复效果影响。

方法

参照2016 Sepsis 3.0标准,通过PASS 15.0软件计算样本量,前瞻性收集湘雅博爱康复医院2023年1月至2024年6月住院的78例FBSS患者(7例失访),根据平行对照、随机单盲法分为4组,A组(n=19)给予常规核心肌群肌力训练,B组(n=18)在A组基础上联合抗阻腹式呼吸训练,C组(n=17)在A组基础上联合盆底肌功能训练,D组(n=17)在A组基础上联合抗阻腹式呼吸训练、盆底肌功能训练,对比四组临床疗效、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry残疾指数(ODI)评分、盆底肌肌电值、腹横肌厚度、膈肌厚度分数。

结果

78例FBSS患者,7例失访,随访率为91.03%。D组总有效率(94.12%)高于A组(52.63%)、B组(66.67%)、C组(64.71%)(P<0.05);A组、B组、C组总有效率对比,差异无统计学意义。治疗1月、3月、6月后,四组VAS评分、ODI评分均比治疗前降低(P<0.05);且D组治疗1月、3月、6月后VAS评分、ODI评分均比A组、B组、C组更低(P<0.05)。治疗1月、3月、6月后,四组快速收缩阶段盆底肌肌电值、持续收缩阶段盆底肌肌电值、耐久收缩阶段盆底肌肌电值均比治疗前增高(P<0.05);且D组治疗1月、3月、6月后快速收缩阶段盆底肌肌电值、持续收缩阶段盆底肌肌电值、耐久收缩阶段盆底肌肌电值均比A组、B组、C组更高(P<0.05)。治疗1月、3月、6月后,四组腹横肌厚度、膈肌厚度分数均比治疗前增高(P<0.05);且D组治疗1月、3月、6月后腹横肌厚度、膈肌厚度分数均比A组、B组、C组更高(P<0.05)。

结论

抗阻腹式呼吸训练联合盆底肌功能训练可有效减轻FBSS患者疼痛症状,提高疼痛阈值、盆底肌肌电值、腹横肌厚度及膈肌厚度分数,效果显著。

Objective

To analyze the effect of resistance abdominal breathing training combined with pelvic floor muscle function training on the rehabilitation effect of patients with lumbar postoperative syndrome (FBSS).

Methods

According to the 2016 Sepsis 3.0 standard, the sample size was calculated using the PASS 15.0 software. A prospective study was conducted to collect 78 patients with FBSS who were hospitalized at Xiangya Baolai Rehabilitation Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 (7 cases were lost to follow-up). The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the parallel control, random single-blind method: Group A (n=19) received conventional core muscle strength training, Group B (n=18) received combined resistance abdominal breathing training in addition to Group A, Group C (n=17) received combined pelvic floor muscle function training in addition to Group A, and Group D (n=17) received combined resistance abdominal breathing training and pelvic floor muscle function training in addition to Group A. The clinical efficacy, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, pelvic floor muscle electromyography value, abdominal cross-muscle thickness, and diaphragm thickness fraction of the four groups were compared.

Results

Among the 78 patients with FBSS, 7 were lost to follow-up. The follow-up rate was 91.03%.The total effective rate of group D (94.12%) was higher than that of group A (52.63%), Group B (66.67%), and group C (64.71%) (P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate among group A, Group B and group C (P>0.05). After 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the VAS scores and ODI scores of the four groups were all lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, the VAS score and ODI score of group D after 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of treatment were all lower than those of group A, group B and group C (P<0.05). After 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the electromyography values of the pelvic floor muscles in the rapid contraction stage, the continuous contraction stage and the durable contraction stage in the four groups were all increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, after 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the electromyography values of the pelvic floor muscles in the rapid contraction stage, the continuous contraction stage and the durable contraction stage in group D were all higher than those in group A, group B and group C (P<0.05). After 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the fractions of transversus abdominis thickness and diaphragm thickness in the four groups were all increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, after 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the thickness fractions of the transabdominis and diaphragm in group D were higher than those in group A, Group B and group C (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Resistance abdominal breathing training combined with pelvic floor muscle function training can effectively alleviate the pain symptoms of patients with FBSS, increase the pain threshold, pelvic floor muscle electromyography values, transversus abdominis thickness and diaphragm thickness fraction, with remarkable effects.

图1 核心肌群肌力训练。图1a 卷腹训练;图1b 五点支撑式训练;图1c 单桥训练图2 A组基础上联合抗阻腹式呼吸训练  图3 A组基础上联合盆底肌功能训练
表1 四组腰椎术后综合征患者一般资料对比[例(%)]
表2 四组腰椎术后综合征患者临床疗效对比[例(%)]
表3 四组腰椎术后综合征患者VAS评分对比(分,±s
表4 四组腰椎术后综合征患者ODI评分对比(分,±s
表5 腰椎术后综合征患者盆底肌肌电值对比(μV,±s
表6 四组腰椎术后综合征患者腹横肌厚度、膈肌厚度分数对比(±s
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