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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01) : 38 -46. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2026.01.006

髋部骨折

髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定相关并发症预测模型建立与验证
王晓伟, 杨红梅, 孙天胜, 刘智, 刘川, 高杰()   
  1. 100700 北京,中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心骨科
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-15 出版日期:2026-02-05
  • 通信作者: 高杰
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82172389); 北京科技新星计划(Z181100006218031)

Establish a predictive model for postoperative complications of intramedullary nailing in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fractures and validate its effectiveness

Xiaowei Wang, Hongmei Yang, Tiansheng Sun, Zhi Liu, Chuan Liu, Jie Gao()   

  1. Department of orthopedics, the seventh medical center, General Hospital of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Beijing 100700, China
  • Received:2025-04-15 Published:2026-02-05
  • Corresponding author: Jie Gao
引用本文:

王晓伟, 杨红梅, 孙天胜, 刘智, 刘川, 高杰. 髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定相关并发症预测模型建立与验证[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2026, 12(01): 38-46.

Xiaowei Wang, Hongmei Yang, Tiansheng Sun, Zhi Liu, Chuan Liu, Jie Gao. Establish a predictive model for postoperative complications of intramedullary nailing in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fractures and validate its effectiveness[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(01): 38-46.

目的

建立髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定并发症预测模型并验证其效能。

方法

回顾性分析2015年1月至2022年12月期间我院骨科采用髓内钉治疗的451例股骨转子间骨折患者资料,平均年龄(81.97±7.91)岁,其中男性129例,女性322例,A1型135例,A2型225例,A3型91例,按照3:1的比例将患者随机分配至建模组(338例)和验证组(113例),利用建模组数据,采用Logistic回归分析筛选术后内固定并发症的独立危险因素,并构建预测模型;利用验证组数据,使用受试者工作曲线分析其预测效能,利用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评价其拟合程度。

结果

平均随访时间(19.08±9.50)月,随访期间共有72例(15.9%)内固定并发症,其中头钉切出16例(INTERTAN 11例,PFNA 5例),切穿股骨头5例(INTERTAN 1例,PFNA 4例),断钉2例(INTERTAN 1例,PFNA 1例),骨不连合17例(INTERTAN 13例,PFNA 4例),过度退出32例(INTERTAN 9例,PFNA 24例),多因素Logistic结果显示:不稳定骨折、复位质量差、重度骨质疏松、PFNA和开始负重时间>4周是术后内固定并发症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于以上指标构建预测模型,建模组ROC曲线下面积为0.864,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.882和0.700,模型拟合度良好(χ2=5.094,P=0.747)。验证组ROC曲线下面积为0.858灵敏度和特异度分别为0.810和0.804,Youden指数为0.614,且该模型拟合程度良好(χ2=8.110,P=0.423)。

结论

不稳定骨折、复位质量差、重度骨质疏松、PFNA和开始负重时间>4周是髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定并发症的独立危险因素,基于以上指标建立的预测模型具有良好的预测效能。

Objective

To establish a prediction model for postoperative complications of intramedullary nail treatment for elderly intertrochanteric fractures and verify its effectiveness.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 451 patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with intramedullary nails in our orthopedic department from January 2015 to December 2022. The average age was 81.97±7.91 years, including 129 males and 322 females, 135 patients with A1 type, 225 patients with A2 type, and 91 patients with A3 type. The patients were randomly assigned to a modeling group (338 cases) and a validation group (113 cases) in a 3:1 ratio. Using the modeling group data, logistic regression analysis was used to screen for independent risk factors for postoperative internal fixation complications, and a prediction model was constructed; Using validation group data, we analyzed its predictive performance using the subject work curve, and evaluate its fitting degree using Hosmer Lemeshow fitting toxicity test.

Results

There were a total of 72 cases (15.9%) after surgery, including 16 cases (11 cases of INTERTAN, 5 cases of PFNA), 5 cases (1 case of INTERTAN, 4 cases of PFNA), 2 cases (1 case of INTERTAN, 1 case of PFNA), 17 cases (13 cases of INTERTAN, 4 cases of PFNA), and 32 cases (9 cases of INTERTAN, 24 cases of PFNA) of excessive withdrawal. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that unstable fractures, poor reduction quality, severe osteoporosis, PFNA, and weight-bearing time>4 weeks were independent risk factors for postoperative internal fixation complications (P<0.05). Based on the above indicators, a prediction model was constructed with a modeling group ROC curve area of 0.864, sensitivity and specificity of 0.882 and 0.7, respectively. The model fit was good (χ2=5.094, P=0.747). The area under the ROC curve of the validation group is 0.858, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.810 and 0.804, respectively. The Youden index is 0.614, and the model fits well (χ2=8.110, P=0.423).

Conclusions

Unstable fractures, poor reduction quality, severe osteoporosis, PFNA, and weight-bearing time>4 weeks are independent risk factors for postoperative internal fixation complications in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fractures with intramedullary nails. The predictive model established based on these indicators has good predictive performance.

表1 自变量名称及赋值
表2 建模组和验证组老年股骨转子间骨折患者基线资料比较[例(%)]
指标 建模组(n=338例) 验证组(n=113例) χ2 P
年龄(岁)        
≤80 130(38.5) 44(38.9) 0.008 0.928
>80 208(61.5) 69(61.2)    
性别        
98(29.0) 31(27.4) 0.101 0.751
240(71.0) 82(72.6)    
并存病        
高血压病 184(54.4) 63(55.8) 0.059 0.808
冠心病 88(26.0) 31(27.4) 0.085 0.770
心律失常 50(14.8) 25(22.1) 3.283 0.070
糖尿病 87(25.7) 31(27.4) 0.126 0.723
肺部感染 44(13.0) 22(19.5) 2.821 0.093
COPD 28(8.3) 13(11.5) 1.063 0.303
肾功能不全 24(7.1) 5(4.4) 1.008 0.315
骨密度(T≤-3.0) 160(47.3) 51(45.1) 0.165 0.684
骨折类型     0.981 0.322
稳定型 97(28.7) 38(33.6)    
不稳定型 241(71.3) 75(66.4)    
手术时机        
≤48 h 92(27.2) 29(25.7) 0.104 0.747
>48 h 246(72.8) 84(74.3)    
麻醉方式        
全身麻醉 93(27.5) 40(35.4) 2.531 0.112
区域麻醉 245(72.5) 73(64.6)    
复位方法        
切开 32(9.5) 13(11.5) 0.391 0.532
闭合 306(90.5) 100(88.5)    
复位质量        
优或良 300(88.8) 103(91.2) 0.510 0.475
38(11.2) 10(8.8)    
TAD        
<25 mm 291(86.1) 99(87.6) 0.166 0.683
≥25 mm 47(13.9) 14(12.4)    
内固定类型        
PFNA 126(37.3) 39(34.5) 0.279 0.597
INTERTAN 212(62.7) 74(65.5)    
髓内钉长度        
短钉 283(83.7) 92(81.4) 0.323 0.570
长钉 55(16.3) 21(18.6)    
开始负重时间        
≤4周 131(38.8) 49(43.4) 0.749 0.387
>4周 207(61.2) 64(56.6)    
表3 建模组老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后内固定并发症单因素分析[例(%)]
项目 并发症组(n=51例) 无并发症组(n=287例) χ2 P
年龄(岁)        
≤80 13(25.5) 117(40.8) 4.270 0.039
>80 38(74.5) 170(59.2)    
性别     1.609 0.205
11(21.6) 87(30.3)
40(78.4) 200(69.7)    
合并症        
高血压病 26(51.0) 158(55.1) 0.289 0.591
冠心病 12(23.5) 76(26.5) 0.196 0.658
心律失常 5(9.8) 45(15.7) 1.186 0.276
糖尿病 15(29.4) 72(25.1) 0.424 0.515
肺部感染 5(9.8) 40(13.9) 0.641 0.423
COPD 3(5.9) 25(8.7) 0.160 0.689
肾功能不全 5(9.8) 19(6.6) 0.270 0.415
骨密度(T≤-3.0) 34(66.7) 126(43.9) 9.002 0.003
骨折类型        
稳定型 6(11.8) 91(31.7) 8.417 0.004
不稳定型 45(88.2) 196(68.3)    
手术时机        
≤48 h 15(29.4) 77(26.8) 0.146 0.703
>48 h 36(70.6) 210(73.2)    
麻醉方式     4.123 0.042
全身麻醉 20(39.2) 73(25.4)    
区域麻醉 31(60.8) 214(74.6)    
复位方法        
切开 4(7.8) 28(9.8) 0.029 0.667
闭合 47(92.2) 259(90.2)    
复位质量        
优或良 28(54.9) 272(94.8) 68.991 <0.001
23(45.1) 15(5.2)
TAD        
<25 mm 43(84.3) 248(86.4) 0.159 0.690
≥25 mm 8(15.7) 39(13.6)    
内固定类型        
PFNA 25(49.0) 100(19.6) 4.823 0.028
INTERTAN 26(51.0) 187(80.4)
髓内钉长度        
短钉 44(86.3) 239(83.3) 0.286 0.593
长钉 7(13.7) 48(16.7)    
开始负重时间     4.454 0.035
≤4周 13(25.5) 169(58.9)
>4周 38(74.5) 118(41.1)    
表4 髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定并发症多因素分析
图1 髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后内固定并发症预测列线图
图2 建模组老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后内固定并发症预测模型的ROC曲线
图3 验证组老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后内固定并发症预测模型的ROC曲线
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