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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (03) : 139 -146. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2025.03.002

髋部骨折

老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者PFNA内固定术后下地负重时机对早期髋关节功能的影响
古鹏1, 马扬程2, 吴文正2, 罗列良2, 郑楚荣2, 王鸿泽2, 郑晓辉3, 姜自伟3, 欧阳崇志3,()   
  1. 1. 330003 江西中医药大学附属南昌市洪都中医院
    2. 510405 广州中医药大学第一临床医学院
    3. 510405 广州中医药大学第一附属医院下肢创伤骨科
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25 出版日期:2025-06-05
  • 通信作者: 欧阳崇志
  • 基金资助:
    广州中医药大学第一附属医院高水平医院建设项目(211010010729)

Effect of postoperative landing timing on early hip joint function after proximal femoral nail anti-rotation fixation in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture

Peng Gu1, Yangcheng Ma2, Wenzheng Wu2, Lieliang Luo2, Churong Zheng2, Hongze Wang2, Ziwei Jiang3, Xiaohui Zheng3, Chongzhi Ouyang3,()   

  1. 1. Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
    2. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
    3. Department of Lower limb Trauma Orthopaedics,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
  • Received:2024-03-25 Published:2025-06-05
  • Corresponding author: Chongzhi Ouyang
引用本文:

古鹏, 马扬程, 吴文正, 罗列良, 郑楚荣, 王鸿泽, 郑晓辉, 姜自伟, 欧阳崇志. 老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者PFNA内固定术后下地负重时机对早期髋关节功能的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(03): 139-146.

Peng Gu, Yangcheng Ma, Wenzheng Wu, Lieliang Luo, Churong Zheng, Hongze Wang, Ziwei Jiang, Xiaohui Zheng, Chongzhi Ouyang. Effect of postoperative landing timing on early hip joint function after proximal femoral nail anti-rotation fixation in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(03): 139-146.

目的

比较不同术后下地负重时间对老年粗隆间骨折行股骨近端防旋型股骨髓内钉(PFNA)内固定患者术后早期髋关节功能康复及骨折愈合的影响。

方法

2020年1月到2022年10月,纳入了72 例完成6 个月随访的老年(≥60 岁)股骨粗隆间骨折患者,其中男性23 例,女性49 例,平均年龄(74.46±4.67)岁。所有患者均行股骨转子间骨折闭合复位PFNA内固定术,根据术后下地负重时间分为早期下地组(<48 h)和延迟下地组(>48 h),比较两组术后住院时间、完全负重时间、视觉模拟(VAS)评分、日常生活能力评分、Harris髋关节功能评分,髋部骨折愈合的影像学评分。

结果

两组受试者的术后住院时间无显著差异(P=0.295)。早期下地组受试者的完全负重时间少于延迟下地组(P<0.001);早期下地组术后1、3、6月VAS评分显著低于延迟下地组(P=0.005、0.006、0.005);早期下地组的术后1、3、6月Harris 髋关节功能评分显著高于延迟下地组(P=0.045,P=0.022,P=0.003);早期下地组的术后1、3、6 月髋部骨折愈合的影像学评分显著高于延迟下地组(P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.001);术后3、6个月的日常生活能力评分显著高于延迟下地组(P=0.006、0.002);两组术后1个月日常生活能力评分无显著差异(P=0.302)。

结论

老年粗隆间骨折患者早期下地活动具有更早的完全负重时间,术后疼痛更轻,具有更好的日常生活活动能力和髋关节功能及更好的骨折愈合结果。早期下地值得临床推广实践。

Objective

To compare the effects of different postoperative weight-bearing times on early hip joint function recovery and fracture healing in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA internal fixation.

Methods

From January 2020 to October 2022, 72 elderly patients (aged ≥60 years)with intertrochanteric fractures who completed a 6-month follow-up were included.All patients underwent closed reduction and internal fixation with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA).Based on postoperative weight-bearing time, patients were divided into early weight-bearing group (<48 hours) and delayed weight-bearing group (>48 hours). The two groups were compared in terms of postoperative hospital stay,time to full weight-bearing,visual analog scale(VAS)score,activities of daily living(ADL)score,Harris hip joint function score, and radiographic fracture healing score.

Results

There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay between the two groups(P=0.295).The time to full weight-bearing was significantly shorter in the early weight-bearing group than in the delayed weight-bearing group (P<0.001).VAS scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively were significantly lower in the early weight-bearing group compared to the delayed weight-bearing group (P=0.005, 0.006, 0.005). Harris hip joint function scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively were significantly higher in the early weight-bearing group than in the delayed weight-bearing group (P=0.045, P=0.022, P=0.003). Radiographic fracture healing scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively were significantly higher in the early weight-bearing group compared to the delayed weight-bearing group(P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.001).ADL scores at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were significantly higher in the early weight-bearing group compared to the delayed weight-bearing group (P=0.006,0.002).There was no significant difference in ADL scores at 1 month postoperatively between the two groups(P=0.302).

Conclusions

Early weight-bearing activity in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures results in earlier time to full weight-bearing,less postoperative pain,better activities of daily living,hip joint function,and improved fracture healing outcomes.Early weight-bearing should be clinically promoted and practiced.

图1 老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者分组流程图
表1 两组老年粗隆间骨折患者一般资料和各指标的水平比较
观察指标 总人群(72 例) 早期下地组(26 例) 延迟下地组(46 例) t/χ 2 P
性别(例,%) 0.107 0.156
23(31.94) 11(42.31) 12(26.09)
49(68.06) 15(57.69) 34(73.91)
年龄(岁,xˉ± s ) 74.46±4.67 73.04±4.83 75.26±4.42 10.667 0.052
体重指数(kg/m2 21.96±4.28 23.48±4.51 21.09±3.94 19.220 0.022*
高血压(例,%) 1.693 0.891
38(52.78) 14(53.85) 24(52.17)
34(47.22) 12(46.15) 22(47.83)
糖尿病(例,%) 1.711 0.822
21(29.17) 8(30.77) 13(28.26)
51(70.83) 18(69.23) 33(71.74)
血红蛋白(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 103.13±24.58 104.48±19.50 102.37±27.21 -1.870 0.729
血清白蛋白(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 36.90±4.20 38.12±3.01 36.24±4.61 6.582 0.071
空腹血糖(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 4.70±3.98 4.28±1.06 4.94±4.92 0.922 0.499
总胆固醇(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 2.12±7.13 1.69±1.43 2.36±8.88 0.684 0.706
甘油三酯(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 1.31±0.40 1.23±0.32 1.36±0.43 -2.882 0.181
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 2.49±0.87 2.35±1.04 2.57±0.77 3.129 0.314
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L,xˉ± s ) 69.18±24.68 70.84±27.33 68.22±23.29 2.201 0.670
肾小球滤过率(ml/min,xˉ± s ) 103.13±24.58 104.48±19.50 102.37±27.21 -1.991 0.729
患肢侧别(例,%) 9.320 0.107
38(52.78) 17(65.38) 21(45.65)
34(47.22) 9(34.62) 25(54.35)
AO/OTA分型(例,%) 17.220 0.064
A1 32(44.44) 16(61.54) 16(34.78)
A2 23(31.94) 7(26.92) 16(34.78)
A3 17(23.61) 3(11.54) 14(30.43)
表2 两组老年粗隆间骨折患者术后住院时间、完全负重时间比较(d,±s
图1 女,79岁,摔伤致左侧股骨颈骨折11小时入院,早期下地组(术后第2天开始下地);图1-A 术前髋关节正侧位X线片示A2.1型左侧股骨粗隆间骨折;图1-B PFNA术后1个月左髋关节正侧位X线片;图1-C PFNA术后3个月左髋关节正侧位X线片;图1-D PFNA术后6个月左髋关节正侧位X线片。随访期间未见内固定失效,骨痂生长良好
图2 男,81岁,摔伤致左侧股骨颈骨折6小时入院,延迟下地组(术后第10 天开始下地);图2-A 术前髋关节正侧位X 线片示A2.2 型左侧粗隆间骨折;图2-B PFNA术后1个月髋关节正侧位X线片;图2-C PFNA术后3个月髋关节正侧位X线片;图2-D PFNA术后6个月髋关节正侧位X线片。随访期间未见内固定失效骨痂生长良好
表3 两组老年粗隆间骨折患者随访期间疼痛及功能评分、髋部骨折愈合影像学评分比较(分,±s
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