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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (05) : 273 -280. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2024.05.003

髋部骨折

老年髋部骨折患者术后1年行走能力的影响因素分析
房桂彬1, 肖进1, 傅光涛1, 郑秋坚1,()   
  1. 1. 510080 广州,南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)关节骨病及创伤科
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-30 出版日期:2024-10-05
  • 通信作者: 郑秋坚
  • 基金资助:
    广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515012413)

Factors affecting walking ability in elderly patients with hip fractures one year after surgery

Guibin Fang1, Jin Xiao1, Guangtao Fu1, Qiujian Zheng1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • Received:2023-11-30 Published:2024-10-05
  • Corresponding author: Qiujian Zheng
引用本文:

房桂彬, 肖进, 傅光涛, 郑秋坚. 老年髋部骨折患者术后1年行走能力的影响因素分析[J]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(05): 273-280.

Guibin Fang, Jin Xiao, Guangtao Fu, Qiujian Zheng. Factors affecting walking ability in elderly patients with hip fractures one year after surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2024, 10(05): 273-280.

目的

本研究旨在分析老年髋部骨折术后行走能力的独立影响因素。

方法

回顾性分析广东省人民医院收治的190例老年髋部骨折患者。收集患者的临床资料包括年龄、性别、病史、手术前状况等。术后1年通过电话追踪调查和统一问卷评估患者的步行能力。采用单因素和Logistics多因素回归分析研究结果。

结果

在190例患者中,52例出现躯体功能损害,发生率为27.4%。躯体功能损害组的血清维生素D水平(Z=3.768)、血红蛋白量(Z=2.603)、血钙(Z=2.065)、血清白蛋白水平(Z=2.267)、术前的行走能力评分(Z=2.517)均显著低于独立行走组。年龄(Z=4.082)、血清β-CTX水平(Z=2.471)、血BUN水平(Z=4.666)、炎性指标(Z=3.251)、疾病负担指数(χ2=21.926)等因素在两组之间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示,术前血清维生素D水平(OR=0.92)、年龄(OR=1.05)、血BUN水平(OR=1.18)和疾病负担指数(OR=2.80)是老年髋部骨折患者术后行走能力的独立影响因素。

结论

本研究结果揭示了术前血清维生素D水平、年龄、血BUN水平和Charlson合并症指数对于老年髋部骨折患者术后行走能力的重要影响。这些结果为临床决策和干预提供了可靠的依据,但进一步的研究仍然是必要的,以确定更多的影响因素并建立更准确的预测模型。

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the independent factors influencing walking ability in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery.

Methods

The study population included 190 elderly patients with hip fractures admitted to Guangdong People's Hospital, and a retrospective analysis was conducted. Clinical data, including age, gender, medical history, and preoperative conditions, were collected. One year after surgery, patient’s walking ability was assessed through telephone follow-up interviews and standardized questionnaires. Univariate and logistic multivariate regression analyses were utilized to study the results.

Results

Among the 190 patients, 52 experienced physical functional impairment, with an incidence rate of 27.4%. The serum vitamin D level, hemoglobin level, blood calcium level, serum albumin level, and preoperative walking ability score were significantly lower in the physical functional impairment group compared to the independent walking group. Factors such as age, serum β-CTX level, blood BUN level, inflammatory indices, and disease burden index showed significant differences between the two groups. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that preoperative serum vitamin D level, age, blood BUN level, and disease burden index were independent factors influencing walking ability in elderly patients with hip fractures after surgery.

Conclusions

This study revealed the important influence of preoperative serum vitamin D level, age, blood BUN level, and Charlson comorbidity index on postoperative walking ability in elderly patients with hip fractures. These findings provide reliable evidence for clinical decision-making and interventions, but further research is still necessary to identify additional influencing factors and establish more accurate predictive models.

表1 两组老年髋部骨折患者临床特征比较
因素 总数(n=190) 独立行走(n=138) 躯体功能损害(n=52) 统计值 P
VitD[MP25P75)] 18.79(13.34,24.55) 20.20(14.45,26.51) 14.48(11.97,19.71) Z=3.768 <0.001
年龄[MP25P75)] 78.00(68.00,83.00) 77.00(66.00,82.00) 83.00(74.00,87.00) Z=4.082 <0.001
PTH[MP25P75)] 45.01(35.29,61.78) 44.38(33.75,59.65) 45.95(37.36,67.83) Z=1.558 0.119
PINP[MP25P75)] 54.58(36.33,77.80) 50.72(35.81,70.53) 61.86(41.14,101.80) Z=1.792 0.073
β-CTX[MP25P75)] 0.67(0.47,0.92) 0.59(0.45,0.85) 0.77(0.57,1.04) Z=2.471 0.013
WBC[MP25P75)] 8.31(6.79,10.48) 8.21(6.80,10.05) 8.61(6.78,10.98) Z=0.638 0.524
HGB[MP25P75)] 107.50(91.25,123.75) 111.50(94.25,125.50) 99.50(89.00,112.00) Z=2.603 0.009
空腹血糖[MP25P75)] 5.83(4.94,7.24) 5.80(4.95,6.95) 5.89(4.80,8.07) Z=0.452 0.651
BUN[MP25P75)] 6.10(4.55,8.38) 5.65(4.25,7.03) 8.16(5.87,10.23) Z=4.666 <0.001
血钠[MP25P75)] 138.55(135.93,140.60) 138.80(136.43,140.57) 137.90(134.88,140.70) Z=1.111 0.266
血钾[MP25P75)] 3.76(3.45,4.07) 3.76(3.45,4.07) 3.76(3.45,4.06) Z=0.015 0.988
AST[MP25P75)] 21.00(17.00,27.00) 21.00(18.00,26.00) 20.50(16.45,29.75) Z=0.210 0.834
血钙[MP25P75)] 2.20(2.10,2.26) 2.20(2.10,2.27) 2.15(2.08,2.24) Z=2.065 0.039
ALT[MP25P75)] 14.00(11.00,19.50) 15.00(12.00,20.00) 13.00(9.00,18.00) Z=1.662 0.097
ALB[MP25P75)] 34.35(30.89,37.38) 35.15(30.99,37.88) 32.97(30.58,35.92) Z=2.267 0.023
CRP[MP25P75)] 28.57(10.75,65.69) 25.41(8.98,55.55) 46.44(23.87,86.27) Z=3.251 0.001
INR[MP25P75)] 1.05(1.00,1.12) 1.04(1.00,1.10) 1.08(1.01,1.14) Z=1.365 0.173
术前的行走能力评分[MP25P75)] 9.00(6.00,9.00) 9.00(7.00,9.00) 9.00(4.00,9.00) Z=2.517 0.034
主要诊断[例(%)]       χ2=9.692 0.002
股骨颈骨折 131(68.95) 104(75.36) 27(51.92)    
股骨粗隆间骨折 59(31.05) 34(24.64) 25(48.08)    
CCI指数[例(%)]       χ2=21.926 <0.001
≤4 100(52.63) 87(63.04) 13(25.00)    
>4 90(47.37) 51(36.96) 39(75.00)    
性别[例(%)]       χ2=0.562 0.453
51(26.84) 35(25.36) 16(30.77)    
139(73.16) 103(74.64) 36(69.23)    
因素 总数(n=190) 独立行走(n=138) 躯体功能损害(n=52) χ2 P
手术名称[例(%)]       17.368 <0.001
双动全髋关节置换术 63(33.16) 43(31.16) 20(38.46)    
全髋关节置换术 61(32.11) 53(38.41) 8(15.38)    
PFNA 56(29.47) 32(23.19) 24(46.15)    
空心钉内固定术 10(5.26) 10(7.25) 0(0.00)    
吸烟史[例(%)]       0.000 1.000
179(94.21) 130(94.20) 49(94.23)    
11(5.79) 8(5.80) 3(5.77)    
饮酒史[例(%)]       0.211 0.646
186(97.89) 136(98.55) 50(96.15)    
4(2.11) 2(1.45) 2(3.85)    
ASA分级[例(%)]       11.923 <0.001
≤2 118(62.11) 96(69.57) 22(42.31)    
>2 72(37.89) 42(30.43) 30(57.69)    
入院至手术的时间[例(%)]       0.640 0.424
≤2 48(25.26) 37(26.81) 11(21.15)    
>2 142(74.74) 101(73.19) 41(78.85)    
脆性骨折史[例(%)]       6.515 0.011
154(81.05) 118(85.51) 36(69.23)    
36(18.95) 20(14.49) 16(30.77)    
生命体征是否明显异常[例(%)]       0.465 0.495
177(93.16) 127(92.03) 50(96.15)    
13(6.84) 11(7.97) 2(3.85)    
心电图是否异常[例(%)]       0.153 0.696
70(36.84) 52(37.68) 18(34.62)    
120(63.16) 86(62.32) 34(65.38)    
胸片是否异常[例(%)]       3.646 0.056
52(27.37) 43(31.16) 9(17.31)    
138(72.63) 95(68.84) 43(82.69)    
术前是否有老年痴呆症状[例(%)]       5.760 0.016
170(89.47) 128(92.75) 42(80.77)    
20(10.53) 10(7.25) 10(19.23)    
麻醉方法[例(%)]       5.999 0.050
全身麻醉 29(15.26) 22(15.94) 7(13.46)    
椎管内麻醉 67(35.26) 55(39.86) 12(23.08)    
神经阻滞麻醉 94(49.47) 61(44.20) 33(63.46)    
表2 各因素赋值情况
表3 老年髋部骨折患者术后行走能力的单因素回归分析
因素 Beta S.E Z P OR(95% CI
VitD -0.08 0.02 -3.53 <0.001 0.92(0.88,0.96)
CRP 0.01 0.00 2.43 0.015 1.01(1.01,1.01)
年龄 0.07 0.02 3.81 <.001 1.08(1.04,1.12)
PTH 0.00 0.00 1.55 0.122 1.00(1.00,1.01)
PINP 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.140 1.00(1.00,1.01)
β-CTX 0.63 0.30 2.07 0.038 1.88(1.03,3.41)
白细胞计数 0.04 0.05 0.79 0.427 1.04(0.94,1.15)
血红蛋白量 -0.02 0.01 -2.67 0.008 0.98(0.96,0.99)
空腹血糖 0.06 0.06 1.16 0.245 1.07(0.96,1.19)
BUN 0.19 0.05 3.85 <0.001 1.21(1.10,1.33)
血钠 -0.07 0.04 -1.73 0.084 0.93(0.86,1.01)
血钾 0.14 0.31 0.46 0.644 1.15(0.63,2.10)
血钙 -2.35 1.28 -1.83 0.067 0.10(0.01,1.17)
AST -0.00 0.01 -0.11 0.913 1.00(0.98,1.02)
ALT -0.00 0.01 -0.30 0.765 1.00(0.97,1.02)
ALB -0.08 0.04 -2.22 0.027 0.92(0.85,0.99)
INR -0.33 0.94 -0.35 0.725 0.72(0.11,4.52)
术前是否有老年痴呆症状          
        1.00(Reference)
1.11 0.48 2.32 0.021 3.05(1.19,7.83)
主要诊断          
        1.00(Reference)
1.04 0.34 3.06 0.002 2.83(1.45,5.52)
CCI指数          
≤4         1.00(Reference)
>4 1.63 0.37 4.47 <0.001 5.12(2.50,10.48)
性别          
        1.00(Reference)
-0.27 0.36 -0.75 0.454 0.76(0.38,1.54)
手术名称          
双动全髋关节置换术         1.00(Reference)
全髋关节置换术 -1.13 0.47 -2.42 0.016 0.32(0.13,0.81)
PFNA 0.48 0.38 1.25 0.211 1.61(0.76,3.41)
空心钉内固定术 -16.80 1251.05 -0.01 0.989 0.00(0.00,Inf)
麻醉方法          
全身麻醉         1.00(Reference)
椎管内麻醉 -0.38 0.54 -0.70 0.483 0.69(0.24,1.97)
神经阻滞麻醉 0.53 0.48 1.09 0.274 1.70(0.66,4.40)
吸烟史          
        1.00(Reference)
-0.01 0.70 -0.01 0.994 0.99(0.25,3.90)
饮酒史          
        1.00(Reference)
1.00 1.01 0.99 0.324 2.72(0.37,19.83)
ASA分级          
≤2         1.00(Reference)
>2 1.14 0.34 3.38 <0.001 3.12(1.61,6.02)
入院至手术的时间          
≤2         1.00(Reference)
>2 0.31 0.39 0.80 0.425 1.37(0.64,2.93)
脆性骨折史          
        1.00(Reference)
0.96 0.39 2.50 0.012 2.62(1.23,5.58)
生命体征是否明显异常          
        1.00(Reference)
-0.77 0.79 -0.98 0.326 0.46(0.10,2.16)
心电图是否异常          
        1.00(Reference)
0.13 0.34 0.39 0.696 1.14(0.59,2.23)
胸片是否异常          
        1.00(Reference)
0.77 0.41 1.88 0.060 2.16(0.97,4.83)
表4 老年髋部骨折患者术后1年行走能力的多因素Logistics回归分析
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