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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (01) : 22 -28. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2025.01.004

骨质疏松

太极拳锻炼对绝经后女性骨密度和骨小梁评分的影响
孙金秋1, 杨俊超2, 苏佳1, 王曦梓2, 谭京京1, 邱俊强2,3,()   
  1. 1. 100075 北京市体育科学研究所群众体育研究室
    2. 100084 北京体育大学运动人体科学学院运动生物化学教研室
    3. 100084 运动营养北京市高等学校工程研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-05 出版日期:2025-02-05
  • 通信作者: 邱俊强
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发专项资助(2018YFC2000600)北京市体育局科研课题(2023BTP005)

The effect of tai chi exercise on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women

Jinqiu Sun1, Junchao Yang2, Jia Su1, Xizi Wang2, Jingjing Tan1, Junqiang Qiu2,3,()   

  1. 1. Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science,Beijing 100075,China
    2. Department of Exercise Biochemistry,Exercise Science School,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China
    3. Beijing Sports Nutrition Engineering Research Center,Beijing 100084,China
  • Received:2024-09-05 Published:2025-02-05
  • Corresponding author: Junqiang Qiu
引用本文:

孙金秋, 杨俊超, 苏佳, 王曦梓, 谭京京, 邱俊强. 太极拳锻炼对绝经后女性骨密度和骨小梁评分的影响[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(01): 22-28.

Jinqiu Sun, Junchao Yang, Jia Su, Xizi Wang, Jingjing Tan, Junqiang Qiu. The effect of tai chi exercise on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(01): 22-28.

目的

探讨太极拳锻炼对绝经后女性骨密度和骨小梁评分的影响。

方法

招募123名太极拳锻炼和未参加规律体育锻炼绝经后女性,分为太极3年以上组[n=41,锻炼年限:(10.5±5.3)年]、太极1年以上组[n=41,锻炼年限:(1.6±0.6)年]和不参加规律体育锻炼的对照组(n=41)。使用双能X线吸收检测法(DXA)测试股骨颈、全髋以及腰椎骨密度(BMD)。运用TBSiNsight®软件分析腰椎DXA图像,得出骨小梁评分值(TBS)。

结果

太极3年以上组左、右侧股骨颈BMD[(0.86±0.12)g/cm2、(0.85±0.12)g/cm2]均大于非太极组[(0.77±0.11)g/cm2、(0.78±0.11)g/cm2],差异具有统计学意义(t=3.273、2.738,P<0.01),左、右侧全髋BMD[(0.94±0.13)g/cm2、(0.94±0.13)g/cm2]均大于非太极组[(0.87±0.11)g/cm2、(0.87±0.11)g/cm2],差异具有统计学意义(t=2.425、2.316,P<0.05)。腰椎4 TBS、L1~L4 TBS均大于非太极组,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.390、2.000,P<0.05)。

结论

3年以上太极拳锻炼可以改善绝经后中老年女性骨密度和骨微结构,尤其是在延缓股骨颈、髋关节骨密度以及腰椎骨小梁评分下降方面。

Objective

To explore the effect of Tai Chi exercise on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women.

Methods

123 postmenopausal women who practiced Tai Chi and did not participate in regular physical exercise were recruited and divided into a Tai Chi group of 3 years or more(n=41,exercise duration:10.5±5.3y),a Tai Chi group of 1 year or more(n=41,exercise duration:1.6±0.6y),and a control group who did not participate in regular physical exercise(n=41).Use Dual Energy X-ray Absorption(DXA)to test bone mineral density(BMD)of the femoral neck,total hip,and lumbar spine.Using TBSiNsight®software analyzes lumbar spine DXA images and obtains Trabecular Bone Score (TBS).

Results

The BMD of the left and right femoral neck in the Tai Chi group for more than 3 years was higher than that in the non Tai Chi group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The total hip BMD of the left and right sides was higher than that in the non Tai Chi group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The L4 TBS and L1-L4 TBS of the lumbar spine were higher than those of the non Tai Chi group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Tai Chi exercise for more than 3 years can improve bone mineral density and microstructure in postmenopausal middle-aged and elderly women,especially on the delayed decline of bone density in the femoral neck,hip joint,and lumbar trabeculae.

图1 研究对象筛查流程图
图2 ~3 腰椎影像学测量图(图2)和TBS示意图(图3)
表1 研究对象基本情况表
组别 例数 年龄(岁,xˉ±s 身高(cm,xˉ±s 体质量(kg,xˉ±s BMI(kg/m2xˉ±s 民族[例(%)]
汉族 其他
太极3年以上组 41 60.6±4.6 159.5±4.2 60.3±6.5 23.72±2.38 38(92.7) 3(7.3)
太极1年以上组 41 59.6±4.0 159.0±5.7 62.2±8.0 24.61±2.73 41(100) 0(0)
非太极组 41 60.9±4.1 157.7±5.0 61.6±8.9 24.69±2.98 39(95.1) 2(4.8)
F/χ2 1.083 1.325 0.603 1.615 3.119
P 0.342 0.27 0.549 0.203 0.538
组别 例数 职业[例(%)] 婚姻状况[例(%)] 吸烟情况[例(%)] 饮酒情况[例(%)]
重度劳动 中度劳动 轻度劳动 没有工作 已婚 离婚/丧偶
太极3年以上组 41 2(4.9) 9(22) 28(68.3) 2(4.9) 37(90.2) 4(9.7) 0(0) 41(100) 0(0) 41(100)
太极1年以上组 41 1(2.4) 4(9.8) 36(87.8) 0(0) 40(97.6) 1(2.4) 0(0) 41(100) 0(0) 41(100)
非太极组 41 6(14.6) 8(19.5) 26(63.4) 1(2.4) 39(95.1) 2(4.8) 0(0) 41(100) 0(0) 41(100)
F/χ2 10.533 2.721
P 0.104 0.606
组别 例数 月经史(岁,xˉ±s 患病情况[例(%)] 因患病服药情况[例(%)] 本人骨折情况[例(%)]
初潮年龄 绝经年龄
太极3年以上组 41 13.9±1.7 50.8±3.5 15(36.6) 26(63.4) 8(19.5) 33(80.5) 5(12.2) 36(87.8)
太极1年以上组 41 13.9±1.5 50.2±3.0 21(51.2) 20(48.8) 13(31.7) 28(68.3) 10(24.4) 31(75.6)
非太极组 41 13.5±1.6 50.5±4.2 22(53.7) 19(46.3) 17(41.5) 24(58.5) 3(7.3) 38(92.7)
F/χ2 1.064 0.299 2.806 4.646 5.076
P 0.348 0.742 0.246 0.098 0.079
组别 例数 父母髋骨骨折[例(%)] 兄弟姐妹髋骨骨折[例(%)] 父母其他骨折[例(%)] 兄弟姐妹其他骨折[例(%)]
太极3年以上组 41 4(9.8) 37(90.2) 1(2.4) 40(97.6) 3(7.3) 38(92.7) 3(7.3) 38(92.7)
太极1年以上组 41 2(4.9) 39(95.1) 0(0) 41(100) 4(9.8) 37(90.2) 2(4.9) 39(95.1)
非太极组 41 5(12.2) 36(87.8) 0(0) 41(100) 0(0) 41(100) 1(2.4) 40(97.6)
F/χ2 1.398 2.016 3.938 1.051
P 0.497 0.365 0.14 0.591
组别 例数 每天进食牛奶或奶粉情况[例(%)] 每天进食豆浆情况[例(%)] 近期服用钙片情况[例(%)] 近期服用维生素D类补剂等情况[例(%)]
经常 偶尔 从不 经常 偶尔 从不
太极3年以上组 41 24(58.5) 13(31.7) 4(9.8) 8(19.5) 29(70.7) 4(9.8) 11(26.8) 30(73.2) 11(26.8) 30(73.2)
太极1年以上组 41 22(53.7) 17(41.5) 2(4.9) 8(19.5) 23(56.1) 10(24.4) 15(36.6) 26(63.4) 12(29.3) 29(70.7)
非太极组 41 23(56.1) 11(26.8) 7(17.1) 4(9.8) 27(65.9) 10(24.4) 9(22) 32(78) 9(22) 32(78)
F/χ2 4.376 5.309 2.236 0.591
P 0.358 0.257 0.327 0.744
表2 不同锻炼年限股骨颈、全髋、腰椎骨密度差异(
表3 不同锻炼年限骨小梁评分差异(分,
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