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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (06) : 361 -366. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2022.06.007

深静脉血栓

老年膝关节置换围手术期深静脉血栓形成因素分析及其血清预测因子分析
夏志强1, 周强,1, 李颖1, 李飞龙1, 赵磊1, 王肇炜1, 朱晓曼1   
  1. 1. 210001 南京,中国人民解放军东部战区空军医院
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-26 出版日期:2022-12-05
  • 通信作者: 周强
  • 基金资助:
    北大医学青年科技创新培育基金(BMU2021PYB034)

Analysis of perioperative deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with knee arthroplasty and analysis of serum predictors

Zhiqiang Xia1, Qiang Zhou,1, Ying Li1, Feilong Li1, Lei Zhao1, Zhaowei Wang1, Xiaoman Zhu1   

  1. 1. The Air Force Hospital of the Eastern Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210001, China
  • Received:2022-08-26 Published:2022-12-05
  • Corresponding author: Qiang Zhou
引用本文:

夏志强, 周强, 李颖, 李飞龙, 赵磊, 王肇炜, 朱晓曼. 老年膝关节置换围手术期深静脉血栓形成因素分析及其血清预测因子分析[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2022, 08(06): 361-366.

Zhiqiang Xia, Qiang Zhou, Ying Li, Feilong Li, Lei Zhao, Zhaowei Wang, Xiaoman Zhu. Analysis of perioperative deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with knee arthroplasty and analysis of serum predictors[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(06): 361-366.

目的

分析老年全膝关节置换围手术期合并深静脉血栓(DVT)独立的风险因素,探讨D-二聚体(D-Dimer)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)对DVT的预测价值。

方法

回顾性选取2016年1月至2021年7月期间本院骨外科接受全膝关节置换手术的160例老年患者,根据围手术期是否发生DVT分为DVT组和无DVT组。单因素和Logistic多因素分析DVT的独立危险因素,进一步绘制受试者特征(ROC)曲线,根据曲线下面积(AUC)确定ESR、CRP、D-Dimer预测DVT的临界值。

结果

DVT组患者术后的血清ESR、CRP、D-Dimer水平均显著高于无DVT组(P<0.05),年龄、BMI、手术时间、术后卧床时间、ESR、CRP、D-Dimer值均为老年患者术后DVT形成的重要危险因素(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析发现,年龄>80岁、BMI>30 kg/m2、术后卧床时间≥5 d、术后ESR、CRP、D-Dimer是DVT形成独立的风险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果示,CRP、D-Dimer、ESR的AUC分别为0.739、0.893、0.725,对DVT具有较好的预测价值(P<0.05)。

结论

老年膝关节置换术后下肢DVT的发生与年龄、BMI、手术时间、术后卧床时间、术后血清ESR、CRP、D-Dimer水平等密切相关,术后检测血清ESR、CRP、D-Dimer水平对DVT的预测效果较好,具有一定的临床应用价值。

Objective

To analyze the independent risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty in the elderly, and to explore D-dimer (D-Dimer), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for the predictive value of DVT.

Methods

A total of 160 elderly patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of our hospital from January 2016 to July 2021 were retrospectively selected and divided into DVT group and no DVT group according to whether DVT occurred in the perioperative period. The independent risk factors of DVT were analyzed by univariate and logistic multivariate, and the receiver characteristic (ROC) curve was further drawn, and the critical value of ESR, CRP and D-Dimer for predicting DVT was determined according to the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The postoperative serum ESR, CRP and D-Dimer levels of the patients in the DVT group were significantly higher than those in the non-DVT group (P<0.05). Important risk factors for postoperative DVT in elderly patients (P<0.05); Logistic regression analysis found that age>80 years old, BMI>30kg/m2, postoperative bed rest time ≥5d, postoperative ESR, CRP and D-Dimer were independent risk factors for DVT (P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the AUCs of CRP, D-Dimer and ESR were 0.739, 0.893, and 0.725, respectively, which had good predictive value for DVT (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The occurrence of lower extremity DVT after knee arthroplasty in the elderly is closely related to age, BMI, operation time, postoperative bed rest time, postoperative serum ESR, CRP, D-Dimer levels, etc. The serum ESR, CRP, D-Dimer levels were detected after surgery The prediction effect of DVT is good, and it has certain clinical application value.

表1 关节置换围手术期DVT形成的单因素分析
组别 例数 性别[例(%)] 年龄[例(%)] BMI例(%)]
60~70岁 70~80岁 >80岁 <25 kg/m2 25~30 kg/m2 >30 kg/m2
DVT组 31 19(61.29) 12(38.71) 6(19.35) 10(32.26) 15(48.39) 5(16.13) 12(38.71) 14(45.16)
无DVT组 129 65(50.39) 64(49.61) 51(39.53) 47(36.43) 31(24.03) 54(41.86) 46(35.66) 29(22.48)
χ2/t   1.191 8.137 9.336
P   0.275 0.017 0.009
组别 例数 吸烟史[例(%)] 饮酒史[例(%)] 基础疾病[例(%)]
糖尿病 高血压 冠心病 其他
DVT组 31 18(58.06) 13(41.94) 15(48.39) 16(51.61) 9(29.03) 11(35.48) 3(9.68) 8(25.81)
无DVT组 129 57(44.19) 72(55.81) 78(60.47) 51(39.53) 41(31.78) 50(38.76) 11(8.53) 27(20.93)
χ2/t   1.933 1.498 0.44
P   0.164 0.221 0.932
组别 例数 止血药物应用情况[例(%)] 手术期间止血带应用情况[例(%)] 抗血栓药物应用情况[例(%)] 麻醉方式[例(%)]
全麻 腰-硬联合
DVT组 31 10(32.25) 21(67.75) 8(25.80) 23(74.20) 25(86.20) 6(13.80) 18(58.06) 13(41.94)
无DVT组 129 38(29.45) 91(70.55) 29(22.48) 100(77.52) 115(89.14) 14(10.86) 68(52.71) 61(47.29)
χ2/t   0.093 0.156 1.652 0.288
P   0.760 0.692 0.198 0.592
组别 例数 手术时间[例(%)] 术后卧床时间[例(%)] 围术期输血[例(%)] 围术期感染[例(%)]
<100 min ≥100 min 3~5 d ≥5 d
DVT组 31 12(38.71) 19(61.29) 10(32.26) 21(67.74) 4(12.90) 27(87.10) 6(19.35) 25(80.65)
无DVT组 129 82(63.57) 47(36.43) 68(52.71) 51(39.53) 15(11.63) 114(88.37) 27(20.93) 102(79.07)
χ2/t   6.372 6.102 0.013 0.038
P   0.012 0.014 0.911 0.846
组别 例数 CRP(mg/L, ±s ) D-D(mg/L, ±s ) ESR(mm/h, ±s )
术前 术后7 d 术前 术后7 d 术前 术后7 d
DVT组 31 5.24±2.52 19.68±4.51 0.61±0.21 3.82±0.84 14.45±6.85 32.36±15.54
无DVT组 129 5.01±2.15 14.74±4.89 0.58±0.19 2.02±0.57 13.98±5.92 24.05±12.24
χ2/t   0.517 5.124 0.773 14.279 0.385 3.217
P   0.606 <0.01 0.441 <0.01 0.701 0.002
表2 赋值表
表3 关节置换围手术期DVT形成的多因素Logistic回归分析
图1 术后第7 d的ESR、CRP、D-Dimer的ROC曲线图
表4 术后第7 d的ROC曲线图具体数据
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