膝关节疾病，尤其是膝骨关节炎，因其患病率高和严重影响自主生活，已经给家庭和社会带来沉重负担。而全膝关节置换术（TKA）是终末期膝骨关节患者主要治疗方式。TKA术后肿胀在多种机制共同作用下形成，成为降低手术疗效和阻碍患者康复的重要因素。虽然随着围术期管理和技术的进步，但TKA术后肿胀的中西医治疗方面仍缺少系统性梳理和论述。本文旨在通过搜集近年来相关文献，论述术后肿胀的发病机制（全身和局部的炎症反应、隐性失血和止血带反应等），列举中西医治疗手段，进行深入探讨。针对现有术后肿胀存在的发病机制复杂、治疗手段单一和重视程度缺乏等问题，对近年来中西医治疗TKA术后肿胀的研究予以概述，以期为此类患者提供更个性化、更多样的治疗方法，为临床提供高效安全的治疗方案。结果发现中西医结合治疗术后肿胀，绝大部分都有较好临床效果，尤其是常被临床忽视的中医内服外治治疗，表现出较大潜力。中西医联合治疗为临床提供了多元化多模态的方案选择，不仅利于患者术后康复，而且有效缓解医院和社会的压力。

Knee diseases, especially osteoarthritis of the knee, have led to family and social involvement due to their high prevalence and severe impact on independent living. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the main treatment modality for patients with end-stage knee disease, and postoperative swelling after TKA has become an important factor that reduces the efficacy of the surgery and hinders the patient's recovery due to a combination of mechanisms. Although with the advancement of perioperative management and technology, there is still a lack of systematic compilation and discussion on the Chinese and Western medicine treatment of postoperative swelling after TKA. The purpose of this article is to discuss the pathogenesis of postoperative swelling (systemic and local inflammatory reactions, occult blood loss and tourniquet reaction, etc.),list the Chinese and Western medical treatments, and conduct an in-depth research and discussion by collecting relevant literature in recent years. In view of the complex pathogenesis, single treatment method and lack of attention to the existing problems of postoperative swelling, an overview of the recent studies on the treatment of postoperative swelling after TKA by Chinese and Western medicine is given, with a view to providing more personalised and diversified treatments for this type of patients, and efficient and safe therapeutic solutions for the clinic. It was found that the combination of Chinese and Western medicines in the treatment of postoperative swelling had better clinical effects in the vast majority of cases, especially the internal and external treatments of Chinese medicine, which are often neglected by the clinic, showed greater potential. The combination of Chinese and Western medicine provides more diversified and multimodal options for clinical practice, which is not only conducive to patients' postoperative recovery, but also effective in alleviating the burden on hospitals and society.