切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (05) : 280 -286. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2025.05.003

关节炎

膝关节骨性关节炎行开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术后膝关节僵硬的预测因素
韩月宁1, 李承思2, 邢欣2, 于腾波3, 赵阔4, 杨政伟5, 刘明辉6, 耿倩7,()   
  1. 1300071 天津,南开大学经济与社会发展研究院医学管理系
    2050051 石家庄,河北医科大学第三医院,河北省骨科研究所
    3266003 青岛大学附属医院骨科
    4050051 石家庄,河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心
    5402360 重庆市大足区中医院骨科
    6300121 天津市人民医院骨科
    7050051 石家庄,河北医科大学第三医院护理部
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2025-10-05
  • 通信作者: 耿倩
  • 基金资助:
    河北省省级科技计划资助(225A7703D)

Predictive factors for knee stiffness after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Yuening Han1, Chengsi Li2, Xin Xing2, Tengbo Yu3, Kuo Zhao4, Zhengwei Yang5, Minghui Liu6, Qian Geng7,()   

  1. 1Department of Medical Management, Institute of Economic and Social Development, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
    2Hebei Institute of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
    3Department of orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
    4Trauma Emergency Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
    5Department of orthopedics, Dazu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402360, China
    6Department of orthopedics, Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
    7Nursing Department, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
  • Received:2025-08-18 Published:2025-10-05
  • Corresponding author: Qian Geng
引用本文:

韩月宁, 李承思, 邢欣, 于腾波, 赵阔, 杨政伟, 刘明辉, 耿倩. 膝关节骨性关节炎行开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术后膝关节僵硬的预测因素[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2025, 11(05): 280-286.

Yuening Han, Chengsi Li, Xin Xing, Tengbo Yu, Kuo Zhao, Zhengwei Yang, Minghui Liu, Qian Geng. Predictive factors for knee stiffness after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients with knee osteoarthritis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2025, 11(05): 280-286.

目的

开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术(OW-HTO)后膝关节僵硬,会显著影响手术治疗效果。然而,目前关于OW-HTO术后膝关节僵硬预测因素的研究仍较为缺乏。

方法

采用回顾性队列研究设计,纳入2023年至2024年间首次接受OW-HTO治疗的患者,收集患者的人口统计学资料、Kellgren-Lawrence分级、髋-膝-踝(HKA)角、胫骨内侧平台沉降值、内固定物尺寸、植骨类型以及西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)。研究的结局是以术后1年WOMAC僵硬评分变差以及随访评估僵硬症状共同定义的"术后膝关节僵硬"。通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探究术后僵硬的独立预测因素。

结果

本研究共纳入527例患者,其中男性193例、女性334例,平均年龄为(59.5±6.7)岁。术后1年随访结果显示,91例(17.3%)患者出现膝关节术后僵硬。单因素分析表明:性别、体重指数(BMI)、糖尿病病史、术前HKA角、术前胫骨内侧平台沉降值、术前WOMAC僵硬评分、内固定物尺寸及植骨类型,均与术后僵硬存在关联。将上述变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,经向后逐步回归法筛选后发现:BMI(OR=1.23,95% CI:1.14,1.32,P<0.001)、胫骨内侧平台沉降值(OR=1.23,95% CI:1.12,1.35,P<0.001)、内固定物尺寸(OR=1.02,95% CI:1.01,1.03,P<0.001)及推进骨瓣植骨(OR=0.24,95% CI:0.13,0.41,P<0.001),是术后膝关节僵硬的独立预测因素。

结论

对于接受OW-HTO的患者,高BMI与较大的胫骨内侧平台沉降值是术后膝关节僵硬的危险因素;而选择小尺寸内固定物及采用推进骨瓣植骨方式,可降低术后僵硬发生风险。临床中,应对高风险人群加强围术期管理,并在手术方式选择与内固定物选型方面优化策略。

Objective

Postoperative knee stiffness following open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OW-HTO) can significantly compromise surgical outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research investigating the predictive factors for knee stiffness after OW-HTO.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients who underwent primary OW-HTO between 2023 and 2024. Demographic data, Kellgren-Lawrence grade, hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, medial tibial plateau settlement value, size of internal fixation, type of bone graft, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were collected. The primary outcome was "postoperative knee stiffness," defined as a worsening of the WOMAC stiffness score at 1 year postoperatively combined with the presence of stiffness symptoms during follow-up evaluations. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent predictive factors for postoperative stiffness.

Results

A total of 527 patients were included, with 193 males and 334 females, and a mean age of 59.5 years. At 1 year postoperatively, 91 (17.3%) patients developed postoperative knee stiffness. Univariate analysis showed that sex, body mass index (BMI), history of diabetes mellitus, preoperative HKA angle, preoperative medial tibial plateau settlement value, preoperative WOMAC stiffness score, size of internal fixation, and type of bone graft were associated with postoperative stiffness. After including variables in the multivariate logistic regression and applying backward stepwise regression for selection, BMI (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.32, P<0.001), medial tibial plateau settlement value (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.35, P<0.001), size of internal fixation (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03, P<0.001), and advancement bone flap grafting (OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.41, P<0.001) were identified as independent predictive factors for postoperative stiffness.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing OW-HTO, higher BMI and a larger medial tibial plateau settlement value are risk factors for postoperative knee stiffness, while using smaller-sized internal fixations and advancement bone flap grafting can reduce the risk of postoperative stiffness. Strengthening perioperative management in high-risk populations and optimizing surgical techniques and internal fixation selection may reduce the progression of stiffness and improve functional outcomes.

图1 数据处理流程图,OW-HTO,开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术
图2 图A 通过胫骨近端内侧纵切口进行截骨,暴露时保留鹅足腱,完全松解内侧副韧带浅层;图B 水平截骨面位于腘绳肌腱止点上方,与胫骨平台后倾角平行,保留至少1.5cm的外侧皮质;图C 截骨后,用多个不同厚度的试模撑开截骨间隙,施加所需的矫正角度以形成轻微的外翻角度
图3 图A 双三角锁定接骨板,板材由钛合金制成,板材绝对长度为60 mm;图B T型锁定接骨板,板材由钛合金制成,板材绝对长度为120-150 mm,在其近三分之一处,该板块呈T形
表1 527例KOA患者术后发生膝关节僵硬的围术期特征对比
变量 总例数(527例) 僵硬恢复组(436例) 术后僵硬组(91例) t/U/χ2 P
年龄(岁,±s 59.52±6.73 59.53±6.69 59.51±6.97 19 745.5 0.944
性别[例(%)]       7.341 0.007*
193(36.6) 171(39.2) 22(24.2)    
334(63.4) 265(60.8) 69(75.8)    
BMI(kg/m2±s 26.54±3.76 26.14±3.71 28.45±3.42 -5.464 <0.001*
慢性合并症[例(%)]          
心血管疾病 50(9.5) 43(9.9) 7(7.7) 0.413 0.521
脑血管疾病 43(8.2) 37(8.5) 6(6.6) 0.360 0.549
肺部疾病 42(8.0) 37(8.5) 5(5.5) 0.919 0.338
肝脏疾病 54(10.2) 43(9.9) 11(12.1) 0.405 0.524
肾脏疾病 39(7.4) 35(8.0) 4(4.4) 1.449 0.229
糖尿病 49(9.3) 36(8.3) 13(14.3) 3.245 0.072*
癌症 61(11.6) 50(11.5) 11(12.1) 0.028 0.866
贫血 63(12.0) 52(11.9) 11(12.1) 0.002 0.966
HKA角(°,±s 171.88±2.97 172.02±2.88 171.20±3.28 2 2741.5 0.027*
沉降值(mm,±s 8.56±2.80 8.31±2.63 9.80±3.24 15 336.0 < 0.001*
WOMAC指数(±s 63.01±12.28 62.71±12.14 64.45±12.86 -1.228 0.220
疼痛 72.73±9.37 72.57±9.41 73.48±9.19 18 018.5 0.169
僵硬 73.36±17.51 72.61±17.62 76.96±16.55 17 013.5 0.033*
功能 63.51±9.13 63.19±8.83 65.04±10.35 18 041.0 0.174
手术时间(min,±s 105.00±35.22 105.28±35.73 103.66±32.82 20 260.5 0.749
术中出血量(mL,±s 90.74±36.12 90.88±36.50 90.08±34.45 0.193 0.988
内固定物尺寸(mm,±s 120[60,130] 60[60,130] 130[60,140] 14 131.0 <0.001*
切口长度(cm,±s 5.78±1.51 5.73±1.50 6.02±1.56 17 735.0 0.111
植骨类型[例(%)]       23.202 <0.001*
异体骨 267(50.7) 200(45.9) 67(73.6)    
推进骨瓣 260(49.3) 236(54.1) 24(26.4)    
表2 KOA患者术后发生膝关节僵硬的多因素Logistic回归分析
1
Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Smith E, et al. Global, regional and National burden of osteoarthritis 1990-2017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [J]. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020, 79(6): 819-828.
2
Amendola A, Bonasia DE. Results of high tibial osteotomy: review of the literature [J]. Int Orthop, 2010, 34(2): 155-160.
3
Goshima K, Sawaguchi TKH, Shigemoto K, et al. Factors associated with patient satisfaction after Opening-Wedge high tibial osteotomy [J]. Orthop J Sports Med, 2020, 8(11): 2325967120967964.
4
Seo SS, Kim OG, Seo JH, et al. Complications and Short-Term outcomes of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy using a locking plate for medial osteoarthritis of the knee [J]. Knee Surg Relat Res, 2016, 28(4): 289-296.
5
Martin R, Birmingham TB, Willits K, et al. Adverse event rates and classifications in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy [J]. Am J Sports Med, 2014, 42(5): 1118-1126.
6
Vaish A, Vaishya R, Bhasin VB. Etiopathology and management of stiff knees: a current concept review [J]. Indian J Orthop, 2021, 55(2): 276-284.
7
Yu J, Wu P, Guo H, et al. Proximal tibial osteotomy with absorbable spacer combined with fibular osteotomy has similar clinical outcomes to high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis [J]. Int Orthop, 2023, 47(11): 2699-2708.
8
Galli M, De Santis V, Tafuro L. Reliability of the ahlbäck classification of knee osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2003, 11(8): 580-584.
9
Lee YS, Lee BK, Lee SH, et al. Effect of foot rotation on the mechanical axis and correlation between knee and whole leg radiographs [J]. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2013, 21(11): 2542-2547.
10
Dugdale TW, Noyes FR, Styer D. Preoperative planning for high tibial osteotomy. The effect of lateral tibiofemoral separation and tibiofemoral length [J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1992 (274): 248-264.
11
Walker LC, Clement ND, Bardgett M, et al. The WOMAC score can be reliably used to classify patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty [J]. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2018, 26(11): 3333-3341.
12
Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, et al. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee [J]. J Rheumatol, 1988, 15(12): 1833-1840.
13
Wolfe F. Determinants of WOMAC function, pain and stiffness scores: evidence for the role of low back pain, symptom counts, fatigue and depression in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia [J]. Rheumatology (Oxford), 1999, 38(4): 355-361.
14
Kalson NS, Borthwick LA, Mann DA, et al. International consensus on the definition and classification of fibrosis of the knee joint [J]. Bone Joint J, 2016, 98-B(11): 1479-1488.
15
Adouni M, Aydelik H, Faisal TR, et al. The effect of body weight on the knee joint biomechanics based on subject-specific finite element-musculoskeletal approach [J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1): 13777.
16
Capodaglio P, Gobbi M, Donno L, et al. Effect of obesity on knee and ankle biomechanics during walking [J]. Sensors (Basel), 2021, 21(21): 7114.
17
Segal NA, Yack HJ, Khole P. Weight, rather than obesity distribution, explains peak external knee adduction moment during level gait [J]. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2009, 88(3): 180-8
18
Henriques J, Berenbaum F, Mobasheri A. Obesity-induced fibrosis in osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis, Consequences and novel therapeutic opportunities [J]. Osteoarthr Cartil Open, 2024, 6(4): 100511.
19
Wang MG, Seale P, Furman D. The infrapatellar fat pad in inflammaging, knee joint health, and osteoarthritis [J]. npj Aging, 2024, 10(1): 34.
20
Aaboe J, Bliddal H, Messier SP, et al. Effects of an intensive weight loss program on knee joint loading in obese adults with knee osteoarthritis [J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2011, 19(7): 822-828.
21
Dong TH, Chen W, Zhang F, et al. Radiographic measures of settlement phenomenon in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis [J]. Clin Rheumatol, 2016, 35(6): 1573-1578.
22
董天华,李石伦,于沂阳,等.不均匀沉降理论新进展[J].河北医科大学学报, 2016, 37(11): 1354.
23
Yang ZY, Chen W, Li CX, et al. Medial compartment decompression by fibular osteotomy to treat medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study [J]. Orthopedics, 2015, 38(12): e1110-e1114.
24
Yu JH, Song BX, Zhu YB, et al. Increased symptoms of stiffness after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy are associated with worse postoperative knee function outcomes and lower patient satisfaction rate [J]. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2024, 32(1): 10225536241241890.
25
朱燕宾,赵阔,张奇,等.推进骨瓣技术在胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎中的初步研究[J].中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2021, 07(3): 129-131.
[1] 杨攀, 黄晓寒, 邓才霞, 周利航, 周向东, 罗虎. SMARCA4缺失的胸部未分化肿瘤临床特征及预后分析[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(04): 529-534.
[2] 廖江荣, 吴秀琳, 陈光春, 郭亮, 吕慈, 蔡俊, 陈夕. 急性主动脉夹层并发急性肺损伤的研究新进展[J/OL]. 中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版), 2024, 17(03): 488-492.
[3] 白志钢, 高晓宇, 奥其, 新苏雅拉图. 肱骨髁间骨折尺骨鹰嘴截骨不同的固定方式对肘关节僵硬的风险研究[J/OL]. 中华肩肘外科电子杂志, 2025, 13(02): 79-86.
[4] 郑占乐, 王宇钏, 蔚佳昊, 宋庆成, 张凯旋, 纳静, 王天瑞, 宋九宏, 张英泽, 王娟. 保膝须“开膝”——“开膝”在膝骨关节炎中的临床应用价值[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(06): 325-330.
[5] 史凡凡, 吴孝琦, 罗飞, 赵玉华, 张承旻, 方青. 个体化睡眠垫在重度僵硬型脊柱畸形头颅-骨盆牵引中的应用[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(05): 308-314.
[6] 肖丹, 陈辰, 查晔军, 公茂琪, 花克涵, 孙伟桐, 蒋协远. 改良松解术治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬的疗效及危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(05): 257-263.
[7] 符锋, 蒋显锋, 赵明亮, 云晨, 汤锋武. 运动皮层电刺激治疗中枢性卒中后疼痛四例并文献复习[J/OL]. 中华脑科疾病与康复杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(01): 45-50.
[8] 杨巨顺, 何伯圣. 急性肠系膜缺血不可逆肠坏死预测因素的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(03): 275-281.
[9] 吴鸿宇, 牟鳄贤, 董浩, 纪娟, 刘世伟. 间质肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞与年轻乳腺癌新辅助治疗腋窝病理完全缓解的相关性[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 102-107.
[10] 周俊, 王文, 臧银善, 徐艳. 阿达木单抗治疗类风湿关节炎临床疗效预测因素的研究[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 41-47.
[11] 王誉英, 刘世伟, 王睿, 曾娅玲, 涂禧慧, 张蒲蓉. 老年乳腺癌新辅助治疗病理完全缓解的预测因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(07): 641-646.
[12] 于晓光, 秦永辉, 李佳, 贾国兴, 李军, 赵振栓, 刘国彬. 人工单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎合并前交叉韧带功能不良的近期疗效[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(04): 337-342.
[13] 牟鳄贤, 李卓璇, 董浩, 于淼, 纪娟, 徐佳, 王浩, 刘世伟. 初始腋窝淋巴结转移乳腺癌新辅助治疗后腋窝病理完全缓解的预测因素分析[J/OL]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(10): 1027-1032.
[14] 折壮川, 陈莹, 丁宛萱, 杨乙珩, 王楠, 孙伟, 李国草, 马裴裴, 张荣峰, 肖宪杰, 董颖雪. 希氏束起搏阈值升高的预测因素分析:单中心5年随访结果[J/OL]. 中华心脏与心律电子杂志, 2024, 12(03): 149-154.
[15] 孙志军, 梁立丰, 柳晓娜, 杨汪洋, 邸北冰, 张妮潇, 彭晖. 接受ICM 的不明原因晕厥患者需行起搏治疗的临床预测因素分析[J/OL]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 446-453.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?