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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (04) : 218 -225. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2023.04.004

膝关节

关节镜对胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎的效果研究
张镇斌, 闫兆龙, 王功腾, 张文琦, 王旭凤, 李广兴, 孙华强, 李树锋()   
  1. 250014 山东第一医科大学第一附属医院(山东省千佛山医院)骨科,山东省风湿病与转化医学重点实验室
    250013 山东中医药大学第一临床医学院
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27 出版日期:2023-08-05
  • 通信作者: 李树锋
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2022MH128)

Arthroscopic study on the effectiveness of high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis

Zhenbin Zhang, Zhaolong Yan, Gongteng Wang, Wenqi Zhang, Xufeng Wang, Guangxing Li, Huaqiang Sun, Shufeng Li()   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital), Qianfoshan 250014, China
    First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qianfoshan 250013, China
  • Received:2023-03-27 Published:2023-08-05
  • Corresponding author: Shufeng Li
引用本文:

张镇斌, 闫兆龙, 王功腾, 张文琦, 王旭凤, 李广兴, 孙华强, 李树锋. 关节镜对胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎的效果研究[J]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2023, 09(04): 218-225.

Zhenbin Zhang, Zhaolong Yan, Gongteng Wang, Wenqi Zhang, Xufeng Wang, Guangxing Li, Huaqiang Sun, Shufeng Li. Arthroscopic study on the effectiveness of high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2023, 09(04): 218-225.

目的

探讨关节镜对胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)的效果研究。

方法

回顾性分析2018.01至2022.03在山东第一医科大学第一附属医院行HTO的患者,根据纳入与排除的标准共纳入142名患者,其中男70例(49.3%),女72例(50.7%),平均年龄(53.62±0.39)岁,168侧患肢。根据患者行HTO有无联合关节镜分为两组(HTO组;HTO联合关节镜组)。测量胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA),关节线夹角(JLCA),髋-膝-踝角(HKA),股骨胫股角(FTA),膝关节负重线比值,撑开距离,撑开角度,美国特种外科医院评分(HSS)、美国膝关节协会评分(KSS)、美国西部Ontario和McMaster大学骨关节炎指数评分(WOMAC)、Lysholm评分。通过Logistic回归分析,研究关节镜在HTO手术中的效果,来确定关节镜是否是HTO手术效果的影响因素。

结果

HTO联合关节镜与不联合关节镜两组患者术后功能评分和影像学指标均较术前有明显改善(术后MPTA较术前增大,JLCA减小、FTA减小,HKA角增大,WBL%增大;术后HSS评分、KSS评分、Lysholm评分明显增高,WOMAC评分降低)。多因素分析显示,关节镜和术前WOMAC评分均为影响手术效果的独立影响因素,HTO联合关节镜组术后Lysholm评分被归类为优的概率是HTO组术后的4.037倍[OR=4.037,95% CI:1.555,10.480,P=0.004];术前WOMAC评分每增加一个单位,术后Lysholm评分被归类为优的概率是原来的0.939倍[OR=0.939,95% CI:0.906,0.973),P=0.000]。

结论

HTO联合关节镜术后功能评分及影像学指标较术前均得到明显改善。关节镜及术前WOMAC评分是影响HTO手术效果的影响因素;术前WOMAC评分越高的患者,术后膝关节功能恢复越差,HTO联合关节镜组的患者术后功能评分和功能恢复较不联合关节镜组的患者要更好。

Objective

Study on the effectiveness of arthroscopy for high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Methods

A retrospective study of patients who underwent HTO at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from 2018.01-2022.03, and a total of 142 patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of whom 70 (49.3%) were male and 72 (50.7%) were female, with a mean age of 53.62±0.388 years and 168 affected limbs. Patients were divided into two groups (HTO group; HTO combined with arthroscopy group) according to whether they underwent HTO with or without combined arthroscopy. The medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, femoral tibial angle (FTA), weight-bearing line (WBL) ratio of the knee joint, opening gap, opening angle, US Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, American Knee Society score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Lysholm score. The effect of arthroscopy in HTO surgery was studied by logistic regression analysis to determine whether arthroscopy is an influential factor in the outcome of HTO surgery.

Results

Both groups of patients with and without HTO combined with arthroscopy showed significant improvement in functional scores and imaging indexes after surgery compared with preoperative scores(Postoperatively, MPTA increased compared to preoperative, JLCA decreased, FTA decreased, HKA angle increased, and WBL% increased; postoperatively, HSS score, KSS score, and Lysholm score increased significantly, and WOMAC score decreased). Multifactorial analysis showed that both arthroscopic and preoperative WOMAC scores were independent influences on the outcome of the procedure, and the probability of Lysholm score being classified as excellent after surgery in the HTO combined arthroscopy group was 4.037 times greater than that in the HTO group postoperatively [OR=4.037, 95% CI: 1.555, 10.480, P=0.004]; each unit increase in preoperative WOMAC score was associated with 0.939 times greater probability of postoperative Lysholm score being classified as excellent [OR=0.939, 95% CI: 0.906, 0.973, P=0.000].

Conclusions

Functional scores and imaging indexes were significantly improved after HTO combined with arthroscopy compared with preoperative scores. Arthroscopic and preoperative WOMAC scores were influential factors in the outcome of HTO surgery; patients with higher preoperative WOMAC scores had poorer postoperative functional recovery of the knee, and patients in the HTO combined arthroscopy group had better postoperative functional scores and functional recovery than those in the non-combined arthroscopy group.

表1 142例(168膝)膝骨关节炎患者行内侧开放HTO患者的一般资料
图3 FTA的测量:胫骨机械轴的延长线与股骨机械轴之间的角度为胫股夹角。HKA的测量:胫骨机械轴与股骨机械轴之间的角度为髋-膝-踝角。JLCA的测量:同一关节的相对关节运行方向线之间形成的角度。MPTA的测量:画出胫骨近端关节的运行方向线,在胫骨膝关节线上画一条从踝关节中心点到膝关节中心点的直线,两线之间的角度就是MPTA
图4~8 患者女性,53岁,术前诊断为"左膝骨关节炎",行"HTO联合关节镜"手术治疗。图4 术前下肢全长X线片,WBL%:0%;图5 术后下肢全长X线片,WBL%:50.09%;图6 术后1年取内固定钢板术后下肢全长X线片WBL:48.83%。术后影像学角度得到明显改善,内翻畸形得到修正;图7 患者第一次行HTO时术中关节镜检查:关节滑膜明显增生、水肿,股骨内髁软骨退变,软骨下暴露,内外侧半月板退变,边缘毛糙,术前查体McMurray(+);图8 术后一年取内固定钢板术中关节镜检查:股骨髁软骨覆盖完好,内侧半月板边缘规整。膝关节疼痛明显缓解,McMurray(-)
表2 HTO组膝骨关节炎患者手术前后的X线表现
表3 HTO联合关节镜组膝骨关节炎患者手术前后的X线表现
图10 HTO联合关节镜组HSS评分、KSS评分、Lysholm评分与WOMAC评分的柱状图比较
表4 HTO组膝骨关节炎患者手术前后膝关节的临床结果对比
表5 HTO联合关节镜组膝骨关节炎患者手术前后膝关节的临床结果对比
表6 142例膝骨关节炎患者术后Lysholm评分为因变量的单因素分析
表7 142例膝骨关节炎患者手术效果的影响因素的多元logistic回归分析结果
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