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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (02) : 80 -90. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2022.02.003

脊柱专题

斜外侧入路和后路融合治疗Ⅰ~Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的对比研究
曾忠友(), 张建乔, 宋永兴, 俞伟, 范顺武, 方向前, 裴斐, 宋国浩, 范时洋   
  1. 314000 嘉兴,武警部队骨科中心武警海警总队医院骨二科
    310016 杭州,浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-22 出版日期:2022-04-05
  • 通信作者: 曾忠友
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2020KY968)

Comparative study of oblique lateral approach and posterior fusion in the treatment of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ lumbar spondylolisthesis

Zhongyou Zeng(), Jianqiao Zhang, Yongxing Song, Wei Yu, Shunwu Fan, Xiangqian Fang, Fei Pei, Guohao Song, Shiyang Fan   

  1. The Second Deptment of Orthopaedics, Hospital of Coast Guard General Corps of Armed Police Forces, Jiaxing 314000, China
    Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
  • Received:2020-06-22 Published:2022-04-05
  • Corresponding author: Zhongyou Zeng
引用本文:

曾忠友, 张建乔, 宋永兴, 俞伟, 范顺武, 方向前, 裴斐, 宋国浩, 范时洋. 斜外侧入路和后路融合治疗Ⅰ~Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的对比研究[J]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2022, 08(02): 80-90.

Zhongyou Zeng, Jianqiao Zhang, Yongxing Song, Wei Yu, Shunwu Fan, Xiangqian Fang, Fei Pei, Guohao Song, Shiyang Fan. Comparative study of oblique lateral approach and posterior fusion in the treatment of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ lumbar spondylolisthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(02): 80-90.

目的

比较斜外侧椎间融合联合后方肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根螺钉固定和后方肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根螺钉复位固定并椎间融合治疗Ⅰ~Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的优、缺点。

方法

前瞻性收集2016年6月至2018年6月收治且符合纳入和排除标准的Ⅰ~Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症115例患者,其中男33例,女82例;年龄41~72岁,平均(57.3±7.1)岁。采用后方肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根螺钉复位固定并椎间融合器植骨治疗56例(后路融合组),斜外侧椎间融合联合后方肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根螺钉固定治疗59例(斜外侧融合组)。记录并对比两组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、影像结果、临床结果和并发症情况。

结果

两组病例均获得12~48个月,平均(27.0±3.4)个月的随访。与后路融合组对比,斜外侧融合组操作时间短,出血少,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组病例术中、术后均未出现神经损伤或原有神经症状加重现象;术后切口皮肤无坏死,切口无感染。72 h腰部切口VAS评分斜外侧融合组[(1.10±0.08)分]低于后路复位融合组[(1.51±0.15)分,P<0.05]。经重复测量设计的方差分析,后路融合组和斜外侧融合组术后和末次随访时的腰椎前凸角[术后(49±8)°,(53±6)°;末次随访(47±8)°,(51±9)°]、滑脱率[术后(10.8±3.4)%,(3.6±1.3)%;末次随访(11.2±3.5)%,、(3.9±1.4)%]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间滑脱角[术后(8±2)°、(9±2)°;末次随访时(8±2)°、(8±1)°]、骶倾角[(术后(43±7)°、(42±6)°;末次随访时(42±6)°、(40±5)°]和椎间隙高度[(术后(12.1±1.8) mm、(12.2±1.6) mm;末次随访时(11.6±1.5) mm、(11.0±1.3)mm]相比,差异均无统计学意义。ODI指数方面,后路融合组由术前(32.9±7.1)%恢复至末次随访时的(7.0±2.6)%;斜外侧融合组由术前(32.7±7.7)%恢复至末次随访时的(6.5±2.3)%,与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。并发症发生率后路融合组(14.29%)高于斜外侧融合组(11.86%)(P<0.05)。后路融合组融合率96.4%高于斜外侧融合组(94.9%)(P<0.05)。随访过程中未发现内固定松动、断裂或椎间融合器移位现象,固定融合部位邻近节段无明显退变。

结论

斜外侧椎间融合联合后方肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根螺钉固定和后方肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根螺钉复位固定并椎间融合两种方法用于Ⅰ~Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱的治疗均获得良好的临床效果,但前者固定融合方式临床优势更加明显,操作时间短、创伤小、出血少、对椎管和椎管内神经基本无干扰、椎体复位效果好、安全性高、恢复快等。只要严格掌握适应证,斜外侧椎间融合联合后方肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根螺钉固定可作为Ⅰ~Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症较好的手术治疗选择。

Objective

To compare the advantages and disadvantages of posterior interbody fusion by intermuscular approach and oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation for treating lumbar spondylolisthesis (degree Ⅰ-Ⅱ).

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on 115 patients who underwent surgical treatment for lumbar spondylolisthesis from June 2016 to June 2018. These patients include 33 males and 82 females, ranging in age from 41 to 72 years, with a mean of (57±7) years. 56 cases (posterior interbody fusion group) were treated by intermuscular approach and 59 cases (oblique lateral interbody fusion group) were treated by oblique lateral approach and posterior pedicle screw fixation. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, imaging results, clinical results and complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

All patients were followed up with an average of (27±3) months (range from 12 to 48 months). The operative time and intraoperative blood loss of oblique lateral interbody fusion group were significantly less than posterior interbody fusion group (P<0.05). There was no incision infection and nerve injury were observed in two groups. Besides, the VAS score at 72 h after surgery of oblique lateral interbody fusion group (1.10±0.08) were significantly less than posterior interbody fusion group (1.51±0.15). According to the analysis of variance with repeated measures design, the difference between the posterior group and the oblique lateral fusion group was statistically significant in terms of lumbar lordosis angle and spondylolisthesis rate at postoperation and the last follow-up (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between different groups in spondylolisthesis angle, sacral inclination angle and intervertebral space height. Both the two groups showed significant improvement in ODI during the final follow-up (P<0.05), but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The incidence of complications in the posterior fusion group was significantly higher than in the oblique lateral fusion group (P<0.05). The fusion rate of posterior interbody fusion group was 96.4% and 94.9% in oblique lateral interbody fusion group, while the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). During the follow-up, loosening, displacement, breakage of pedicle screw, displacement of intervertebral cages or obvious degeneration of adjacent segments were not observed.

Conclusions

The posterior interbody fusion by intermuscular approach and the oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation take well clinical results for treating lumbar spondylolisthesis (degree Ⅰ-Ⅱ ). Oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation through intermuscular approach takes advantages of quick operation, less trauma, less bleeding, high safety, quick recovery and no interference to spinal canal, which can be a good choice for treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis (degree Ⅰ-Ⅱ).

表1 两组腰椎滑脱症病例术前一般资料比较
图1~13 患者女性,52岁,反复腰痛4年,加重伴双下肢放射3个月,诊断:L4退行性滑脱。图1~2 术前腰椎X线正侧位示:L4双侧椎弓峡部完整,椎体向前滑移Ⅱ度;图3~4 术前腰椎过伸过屈X线侧位示:L4下终板与L5上终板角度变化较大;图5~6 经肌间隙入路双侧通道下椎弓根螺钉复位固定并椎间融合器植骨术,术后腰椎X线正侧位示:L4、L5内固定在位良好,L4椎体基本复位,椎间隙高度恢复良好;图7~8 术后1年腰椎X线正侧位示:L4、L5内固定在位良好,椎间隙高度获得很好的维持,L4椎体无滑移;图9~10 术后1年腰椎过屈过伸X线侧位示:L4、L5椎体无相对位移,终板角度无变化;图11~12 术后1年腰椎CT冠状面和矢状面重建示:L4/5椎间融合良好;图13 棘突旁两侧纵切口,一侧切口长度为4.3 cm
图14~30 患者女性,58岁,反复腰痛2年半,加重伴双下肢放射半年,诊断:L4双侧椎弓峡部裂伴椎体Ⅱ度滑脱,经斜外侧4/5椎间融合植骨并后方肌间隙入路双侧通道下椎弓根螺钉固定术。图14~15 术前腰椎X线正侧位示:L4双侧椎弓峡部断整,椎体向前滑移Ⅱ度;图16~17 术前腰椎过伸过屈X线侧位示:L4下终板与L5上终板角度无明显变化;图18~19 术后腰椎X线正侧位示:L4、L5内固定和L4/5椎间融合器位置良好,L4椎体基本复位,椎间隙高度恢复良好;图20~21 术后1年腰椎X线正侧位示:L4、L5内固定在位良好,椎间隙高度获得很好的维持,L4椎体无滑移;图22~23 术后1年腰椎过屈过伸X线侧位示:L4、L5椎体无相对位移,终板角度无变化;图24~25 术后1年腰椎CT冠状面和矢状面重建示:L4/5椎间融合器在位良好,融合器与终板间贴合紧密,无透亮线,但融合器内骨质稀疏;图26 左腹前外侧切口,长度为5.4 cm;图27~28 术后2年腰椎X线正侧位示:L4、L5内固定在位良好,椎间隙高度获维持良好,L4椎体无滑移;图29~30 术后2年腰椎CT冠状面和矢状面重建示:L4/5椎间融合器在位良好,椎间融合,但融合器内骨质仍较稀疏
表2 两组腰椎滑脱症病例术中及术后情况(±s
表3 两组腰椎滑脱症病例手术前、后影像学指标结果(±s
表4 两组腰椎滑脱症病例并发症发生情况(例)
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