Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are some bone matrix components generated from osteoblasts and osteoclasts and released into the blood and urine. They are used to reflect the overall rate of bone turnover, and have an important significance in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and classification, prediction of bone loss, assessment of complete fracture risk and monitoring drug efficacy, etc. At present, the bone turnover markers such as BALP, TRACP, PINP, β-CTX etc. have been applied in the clinic extensively. But each bone turnover marker has its particularity and variability. A comprehensive analysis is needed for a better judge of the evolution and treatment of osteoporosis. This article mainly explored the clinical application and perspective of commonly used bone turnover markers.