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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01) : 3 -14. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2026.01.002

术后感染

术前高敏C反应蛋白与淋巴细胞比值预测退变性腰椎手术后手术部位感染的价值
李承思1,2,3, 邢欣1,2,3, 王忠正1,2,3, 王宇钏1,2,3, 程晓东1,2,3, 李栋正1,2,3, 陈伟1,2,3, 张英泽1,2,3, 张奇1,2,3,()   
  1. 1050051 石家庄,河北省骨科研究所
    2河北省骨科生物力学重点实验室
    3河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-11 出版日期:2026-02-05
  • 通信作者: 张奇
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项(21377731D)

The value of preoperative high-sensitivity c-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio in predicting surgical site infection following degenerative lumbar spine surgery

Chengsi Li1,2,3, Xin Xing1,2,3, Zhongzheng Wang1,2,3, Yuchuan Wang1,2,3, Xiaodong Cheng1,2,3, Dongzheng Li1,2,3, Wei Chen1,2,3, Yingze Zhang1,2,3, Qi Zhang1,2,3,()   

  1. 1Orthopedic Research Institution of Hebei Province
    2Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province
    3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
  • Received:2025-11-11 Published:2026-02-05
  • Corresponding author: Qi Zhang
引用本文:

李承思, 邢欣, 王忠正, 王宇钏, 程晓东, 李栋正, 陈伟, 张英泽, 张奇. 术前高敏C反应蛋白与淋巴细胞比值预测退变性腰椎手术后手术部位感染的价值[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2026, 12(01): 3-14.

Chengsi Li, Xin Xing, Zhongzheng Wang, Yuchuan Wang, Xiaodong Cheng, Dongzheng Li, Wei Chen, Yingze Zhang, Qi Zhang. The value of preoperative high-sensitivity c-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio in predicting surgical site infection following degenerative lumbar spine surgery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2026, 12(01): 3-14.

目的

探究术前高敏C反应蛋白与淋巴细胞比值(hs-CLR)与退变性腰椎手术后手术部位感染(SSI)的关系,并评估其作为系统性炎症标志物的实际预测能力。

方法

回顾收集2020至2024年在本院进行择期腰椎手术的1 338例退行性腰椎管狭窄或腰椎滑脱病患资料,包括基线信息、合并症、检验学结果及围术期变量。依据美国疾控中心标准诊断SSI,并随访至少12个月。以术前hs-CLR为连续自变量,在多因素Logistic回归模型的框架下构建限制性立方样条模型,评估hs-CLR与SSI的剂量-效应关系,并确定转折点。根据界值,将患者分成低hs-CLR组(<2.40)和高hs-CLR组(≥2.40);采用1:1倾向评分匹配调整术前基线差异,在未匹配队列和匹配队列中分别构建多因素条件Logistic回归模型,评估高hs-CLR与SSI的独立关系。

结果

队列SSI发生率为3.6%(48/1 338)。与未发生SSI的患者相比,SSI组患者体重指数、红细胞沉降率、hs-CRP、空腹血糖和hs-CLR均明显更高(P<0.05)。限制性立方样条分析显示,术前hs-CLR同SSI风险直接有显著整体关联,且呈近似线性上升趋势。以2.40为分界,匹配前队列高hs-CLR组发生SSI风险较高,多变量调整比值比(aOR)为1.96(95% CI:1.07,3.61)。匹配后获得386对患者,高hs-CLR组风险进一步提升,aOR为3.53(95% CI:1.37,9.08)。ROC显示hs-CLR的曲线下面积达0.722。

结论

术前hs-CLR增高与退变性腰椎手术后SSI风险密切相关,在调整传统因素和手术变量后,仍是独立预测因素。hs-CLR基于常规术前检查计算,便捷实用,有望用于腰椎手术患者行风险评估和个性化管理。

Objective

To explore the link between preoperative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio (hs-CLR) and surgical site infection (SSI) following surgery for degenerative lumbar conditions, and to assess hs-CLR's potential as an inflammatory indicator for prediction.

Methods

We retrospectively gathered data from 1, 338 patients who had elective lumbar surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis from 2020 to 2024 at our facility. This included demographics, comorbidities, preoperative lab tests (such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and lymphocyte count), and perioperative details. SSI was identified using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, with follow-up lasting at least 12 months. Treating hs-CLR as a continuous factor, we built a restricted cubic spline model in multivariable logistic regression to map the dose-response between hs-CLR and SSI, identifying the turning point. Patients were grouped into low-hs-CLR (<2.40) and high-hs-CLR (≥2.40). We used 1: 1 propensity score matching (PSM) to even out preoperative baselines. Multivariable logistic models were set up for the unmatched group, and conditional ones for the matched, to check the standalone connection between high hs-CLR and SSI.

Results

SSI rate in the group was 3.6% (48/1, 338). Compared to those without SSI, SSI cases showed notably higher BMI, ESR, hs-CRP, FBG, and hs-CLR (all P<0.05). Spline analysis revealed a clear overall tie between preoperative hs-CLR and SSI risk, with a nearly straight upward trend. Using 2.40 as cutoff, unmatched high-hs-CLR had higher SSI odds, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.61). After PSM yielding 386 pairs, high-hs-CLR risk rose further, aOR 3.53 (95% CI: 1.37, 9.08). ROC showed hs-CLR AUC at 0.722, better than CALLY (0.689), CAR (0.678), and NLR (0.547).

Conclusions

Elevated preoperative hs-CLR links strongly to SSI risk post-degenerative lumbar surgery and stands as an independent predictor even after adjusting for standard risks and surgical elements. Calculated from routine preoperative labs, hs-CLR offers a simple tool for risk layering and tailored care in lumbar surgery patients.

表1 研究人群的基线特征
变量 总人数(n=1338) 非SSI组(n=1290) SSI组(n=48) P
年龄(岁) 55.00[45.00-63.00] 55.00[45.00-63.00] 54.50[46.50-62.25] 0.937
性别[例(%)]       0.170
971(72.6) 932(72.2) 39(81.2%)  
367(27.4) 358(27.8) 9(18.8%)  
BMI(Kg/m2 25.45[23.21-27.57] 25.3[23.19-27.54] 27.23[24.35-28.23] 0.026
居住地[例(%)]       0.783
城市 952(71.2) 917(71.1) 35(72.9%)  
农村 386(28.8) 373(28.9) 13(27.1%)  
饮酒史[例(%)] 895(66.9) 858(66.5) 37(77.1%) 0.126
吸烟史[例(%)] 464(34.7) 442(34.3) 22(45.8%) 0.098
CCI 1.00[0.00-2.00] 1.00[0.00-2.00] 1.00[0.00-2.00] 0.316
0 370(27.7) 355(27.5) 15(31.2%) 0.851
1~2 674(50.4) 651(50.5) 23(47.9%)  
≥3 294(22.0) 284(22.0) 10(20.8%)  
高血压[例(%)] 354(26.5) 340(26.4) 14(29.2%) 0.665
糖尿病[例(%)] 116(8.7) 108(8.4) 8(16.7%) 0.061
脑血管疾病[例(%)] 71(5.3) 68(5.3) 3(6.2%) 0.738
心脏病[例(%)] 98(7.3) 94(7.3) 4(8.3%) 0.775
慢性阻塞性肺病[例(%)] 7(0.5) 7(0.5) 0(0.0%) 1.000
肺炎[例(%)] 6(0.4) 6(0.5) 0(0.0%) 1.000
肿瘤[例(%)] 19(1.4) 18(1.4) 1(2.1%) 0.503
肝脏疾病 49(3.7) 48(3.7) 1(2.1%) 1.000
肾脏疾病[例(%)] 51(3.8) 47(3.6) 4(8.3%) 0.106
周围血管疾病[例(%)] 19(1.4) 19(1.5) 0(0.0%) 1.000
风湿性疾病[例(%)] 53(4.0) 52(4.0) 1(2.1%) 1.000
病因[例(%)]       0.164
退变性腰椎管狭窄症 1 006(75.2) 974(75.5) 32(66.7%)  
退变性腰椎滑脱 332(24.8) 316(24.5) 16(33.3%)  
手术部位[例(%)]       0.084
L4-5 458(34.2) 443(34.3) 15(31.2%)  
L5~S1 670(50.1) 650(50.4) 20(41.7%)  
L4~S1 210(15.7) 197(15.3) 13(27.1%)  
手术类型[例(%)]       0.625
腰后路椎板减压植骨融合内固定术 1 095(81.8) 1 057(81.9) 38(79.2%)  
经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术 243(18.2) 233(18.1) 10(20.8%)  
手术时间(min) 160.00 [135.00-195.00] 160.00 [135.00-195.00] 167.50 [135.00-210.00] 0.530
ASA[例(%)]       0.100
I-Ⅱ 1 041(77.8) 999(77.4) 42(87.5%)  
≥Ⅲ 297(22.2) 291(22.6) 6(12.5%)  
麻醉方式[例(%)]       0.005
椎管内麻醉 61(4.6) 54(4.2) 7(14.6%)  
全身麻醉 1277(95.4) 1236(95.8) 41(85.4%)  
围术期抗生素应用种类°[例(%)]       0.171
一代头孢 1133(84.7) 1089(84.4) 44(91.7%)  
其他 205(15.3) 201(15.6) 4(8.3%)  
术后抗生素应用天数(d) 1.00[1.00-2.00] 1.00[1.00-2.00] 1.00[1.00-2.00] 1.000
WBC(*109/L) 8.30[6.64-10.45] 8.30[6.64-10.45] 8.38[6.68-10.49] 0.688
NEU(*109/L) 4.83[3.39-6.90] 4.83[3.38-6.87] 5.02[3.56-7.92] 0.177
LYM(*109/L) 2.38[1.60-3.16] 2.38[1.60-3.16] 2.23[1.50-3.10] 0.364
ALB(g/L) 35.87[32.95-39.17] 35.87[33.00-39.17] 35.58[31.63-39.25] 0.773
ESR(mm/h) 20.84[10.63-30.24] 20.61[10.30-30.16] 22.92[15.44-33.63] 0.036
hs-CRP(mg/L) 5.44[3.02-7.97] 5.41[2.98-7.95] 6.96[4.74-8.46] 0.008
FBG(mmol/L) 5.81[4.81-6.64] 5.80[4.80-6.62] 6.10[5.25-7.22] 0.031
hs-CLR 2.36[1.29-3.85] 2.33[1.25-3.82] 3.11[2.15-5.04] 0.004
图1 术前hs-CLR分布及其与腰椎手术后SSI风险的限制性立方样条分析结果。实线表示调整后手术部位感染的比值比(odds ratio,OR),灰色阴影为95%置信区间,虚线垂线为参考点hs-CLR=2.40(OR=1.00)。整体关联检验P-整体=0.049,非线性检验P-非线性=0.137,提示术前hs-CLR与SSI风险之间呈近似线性正相关
表2 低hs-CLR与高hs-CLR亚组术前基线特征比较
变量 PSM前 P SMD PSM后 P SMD
低hs-CLR 677 高hs-CLR 661 低hs-CLR 386 高hs-CLR 386
年龄(岁) 52.64±13.82 53.20±13.54 0.458 0.041 52.70±13.80 52.95±13.68 0.800 0.018
性别[例(%)]     0.556 0.036     0.516 0.053
486(71.8) 485(73.4)     278(72.0) 287(74.4)    
191(28.2) 176(26.6)     108(28.0) 99(25.6)    
BMI(Kg/m2 25.39±3.31 25.43±3.20 0.820 0.012 25.50±3.39 25.41±3.26 0.723 0.026
居住地[例(%)]     0.646 0.028     1.000 <0.001
城市 486(71.8) 466(70.5)     270(69.9) 270(69.9)    
农村 191(28.2) 195(29.5)     116(30.1) 116(30.1)    
饮酒史[例(%)] 433(64.0) 462(69.9) 0.025 0.126 255(66.1) 254(65.8) 1.000 0.005
吸烟史[例(%)] 228(33.7) 236(35.7) 0.471 0.043 142(36.8) 137(35.5) 0.764 0.027
CCI[例(%)]     0.841 0.032     0.818 0.046
0 191(28.2) 179(27.1)     95(24.6) 102(26.4)    
1-2 341(50.4) 333(50.4)     201(52.1) 199(51.6)    
≥ 3 145(21.4) 149(22.5)     90(23.3) 85(22.0)    
高血压[例(%)] 180(26.6) 174(26.3) 0.962 0.006 104(26.9) 94(24.4) 0.458 0.059
糖尿病[例(%)] 61(9.0) 55(8.3) 0.726 0.025 37(9.6) 34(8.8) 0.803 0.027
脑血管疾病[例(%)] 34(5.0) 37(5.6) 0.728 0.026 19(4.9) 17(4.4) 0.864 0.025
心脏病[例(%)] 44(6.5) 54(8.2) 0.286 0.064 32(8.3) 29(7.5) 0.790 0.029
慢性阻塞性肺病[例(%)] 2(0.3) 5(0.8) 0.430 0.064 2(0.5) 2(0.5) 1.000 <0.001
肺炎[例(%)] 2(0.3) 4(0.6) 0.661 0.046 2(0.5) 4(1.0) 0.682 0.059
肿瘤[例(%)] 7(1.0) 12(1.8) 0.329 0.066 5(1.3) 7(1.8) 0.771 0.042
肝脏疾病[例(%)] 28(4.1) 21(3.2) 0.431 0.051 12(3.1) 12(3.1) 1.000 <0.001
肾脏疾病[例(%)] 28(4.1) 23(3.5) 0.628 0.034 16(4.1) 14(3.6) 0.852 0.027
周围血管疾病[例(%)] 12(1.8) 7(1.1) 0.383 0.060 6(1.6) 5(1.3) 1.000 0.022
风湿性疾病[例(%)] 24(3.5) 29(4.4) 0.516 0.043 16(4.1) 13(3.4) 0.705 0.041
病因[例(%)]     0.145 0.083     0.508 0.054
退变性腰椎管狭窄症 497(73.4) 509(77.0)     293(75.9) 284(73.6)    
退变性腰椎滑脱 180(26.6) 152(23.0)     93(24.1) 102(26.4)    
ASA[例(%)]     0.976 0.005     1.000 <0.001
I-Ⅱ 526(77.7) 515(77.9)     301(78.0) 301(78.0)    
≥Ⅲ 151(22.3) 146(22.1)     85(22.0) 85(22.0)    
WBC(*109/L) 8.95±2.48 8.24±2.47 <0.001 0.288 8.42±2.42 8.51±2.39 0.580 0.040
NEU(*109/L) 5.22±2.23 5.27±2.28 0.662 0.024 5.08±2.16 5.19±2.29 0.511 0.047
ALB(g/L) 36.01±4.99 36.27±4.82 0.317 0.055 36.18±4.95 36.04±4.78 0.698 0.028
ESR(mm/h) 20.70±11.36 20.64±11.61 0.929 0.005 20.65±11.36 21.22±12.11 0.499 0.049
FBG(mmol/L) 5.75±1.26 5.83±1.36 0.293 0.058 5.77±1.24 5.83±1.40 0.484 0.050
图3 PSM匹配后系统性炎症标志物的ROC曲线比较。实线表示各指标的ROC曲线。hs-CLR:高敏C反应蛋白与淋巴细胞比值;CALLY:CRP-白蛋白-淋巴细胞指数;CAR:C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值;NLR:中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值
表3 PSM前后高hs-CLR指数与术后SSI风险的关系
表4 hs-CLR界值的敏感性分析
表5 结局模型的稳健性分析
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