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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (02) : 101 -107. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2023.02.006

康复医学

循环渐进式康复策略促进前交叉韧带重建术后患者下肢功能恢复的临床研究
耿倩(), 鹿青, 李莎, 臧雅静, 顾聚源   
  1. 050051 石家庄,河北医科大学第三医院关节二科
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2023-04-05
  • 通信作者: 耿倩
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题(20190674)

A clinical study on the promotion of lower limb functional recovery in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by cyclic progressive rehabilitation strategy

Qian Geng(), Qing Lu, Sha Li, Yajing Zang, Juyuan Gu   

  1. The 2ndjoint surgery department, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
  • Received:2023-03-15 Published:2023-04-05
  • Corresponding author: Qian Geng
引用本文:

耿倩, 鹿青, 李莎, 臧雅静, 顾聚源. 循环渐进式康复策略促进前交叉韧带重建术后患者下肢功能恢复的临床研究[J]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2023, 09(02): 101-107.

Qian Geng, Qing Lu, Sha Li, Yajing Zang, Juyuan Gu. A clinical study on the promotion of lower limb functional recovery in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by cyclic progressive rehabilitation strategy[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2023, 09(02): 101-107.

目的

本研究的目的是探讨循环渐进式康复策略对前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术后股四头肌力量和膝关节功能恢复的影响。

方法

98例曾行自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL的患者,按患者接受的康复策略分为试验组(n=52)和对照组(n=46)。试验组包括男性38例,女性14例,平均年龄(28.64±7.1)岁;对照组包括男性35例,女性11例,平均年龄(29.42±6.9)岁。对照组遵循常规的术后康复策略,试验组接受本课题组制订的循环渐进式个体化康复策略。在术后第4周、第12周和第24周测量股四头肌最大自主等长收缩。使用单腿跳跃距离测试、国际膝关节文件委员会2000主观膝关节表和Lysholm膝关节功能评分评估术后24周的膝关节功能。

结果

与对照组相比,试验组在术后第12周的股四头肌MVIC更大,其中试验组为(2.53±0.48)Nm/kg,对照组为(2.07±0.38)Nm/kg(P<0.001)。在术后第24周,与对照组相比,试验组的股四头肌强度更大,其中试验组为(2.96±0.51)Nm/kg,对照组为(2.41±0.49)Nm/kg(P<0.001)。术后24周时,试验组OLHDT为(89.91±9.51)分,对照组为(85.32±10.12)分;试验组IKDC评分为(84.91±9.43)分,对照组为(79.45±8.86)分;试验组Lysholm评分为(89.35±8.47)分,对照组为(76.97±7.63)分,以上各评价指标中试验组均显著优于对照组(所有P<0.05)。在膝关节功能恢复优良率方面,试验组优良率显著高于(92.31%,48/52)对照组(76.09%,35/46,P=0.026)。

结论

本课题组制订的循环渐进式个体化康复策略有益于股四头肌力量和膝关节功能恢复。在ACLR康复治疗中,尤其是在康复治疗的早期阶段,本康复策略经证实为一种安全且有效的康复训练方式。

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a cyclic progressive rehabilitation strategy on quadriceps strength and knee function recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods

Ninety-eight patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendons were divided into test group (n=52) and control group (n=46) according to the rehabilitation strategy received by the patients. The control group followed the conventional postoperative rehabilitation strategy, and the experimental group received the cyclic progressive individualized rehabilitation strategy developed by our group. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps femoris muscle was measured at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. The One-Leg Hop for Distance Test (OLHDT), International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), and Lysholm knee function scores were used to assess knee function at 24 weeks.

Results

The MVIC of the quadriceps femoris muscle at 12 weeks after surgery was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (P<0.001). At 24 weeks after surgery, the strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle in the test group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.001). The OLHDT, IKDC score and Lysholm score at 24 hours after surgery in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). In terms of the excellent and good rate of knee joint function recovery, the excellent and good rate was 92.31% (48/52) in the test group and 76.09% (35/46) in the control group, and the excellent and good rate in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.026).

Conclusions

The cyclic progressive individualized rehabilitation strategy developed by our group is beneficial to the recovery of quadriceps strength and knee joint function. This rehabilitation strategy has been proven to be a safe and effective rehabilitation modality in ACLR rehabilitation, especially in the early stages of rehabilitation.

表1 前交叉韧带重建术后循环渐进式康复策略
阶段(0~12周) 前交叉韧带重建术后循环渐进式康复策略 频率
术前 皮肤准备:保持皮肤完整,入院后每日用肥皂清洗患肢,术区备皮;  
功能锻炼:指导踝泵运动、肌力练习等,拐杖助行器使用,指导患者床上练习大小便;  
心理护理:评估患者的心理状态及需求,向患者讲解疾病及手术相关知识,减轻患者焦虑紧张情绪,积极配合手术;  
0~1周 目标  
控制疼痛、肿胀  
早期活动  
实现并保持膝关节完全伸展  
教育患者康复过程  
练习  
踝关节泵练习 10次,循环2次,3次/周
直腿抬高练习 10次,循环2次,3次/周
0°-90°膝关节屈曲练习 10次,循环2次,3次/周
使用2根拐杖部分负重  
1~3周 目标  
控制疼痛、肿胀  
增加膝关节活动范围  
实现并保持膝关节完全伸展  
教育病人康复过程  
练习  
踝关节泵练习 15~20次,3次循环/d
直腿抬高练习 15~20次,3次循环/d
根据ROM逐渐增加膝关节屈曲角度  
部分负重逐步变为完全负重  
神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)用于增加四头肌的力量 1次/d
俯卧大腿悬挂练习 10次,3次循环/d
4~12周 进入到第四阶段的标准  
至少屈膝90°  
完全伸直  
轻微肿胀/炎症  
完全负重时无疼痛或疼痛极小  
完全负重  
目标  
恢复正常步态  
保持完全伸展,逐步向完全屈曲练习  
增加膝关节的稳定性  
提高灵活性  
练习  
有阻力的单腿抬高练习 15~20次,3次循环/d
开始行骑固定自行车练习,阻力轻度至中度 5 min,2次循环/d
继续腘绳肌、腓肠肌/比目鱼肌伸展 15~20次,3次循环/d
核心稳定性练习(腹部牵拉、仰卧桥式、臀肌的蛤蜊练习、腹部蜷缩) 10次,1次循环/d
在不稳定表面上的进展步态训练 2 min,1次循环/d
等速向心和离心对侧肢体训练 15~20次,3次循环/d
表2 98例前交叉韧带重建术后患者的一般资料比较
表3 两组前交叉韧带重建术后患者重建肢体的股四头肌最大自主等长收缩(Nm/kg,±s
表4 两组前交叉韧带重建术后患者24周膝关节功能评估(分,±s
表5 两组前交叉韧带重建术后患者的膝关节功能恢复优良率比较(例)
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