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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 06 ›› Issue (04) : 197 -203. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2020.04.003

所属专题: 文献

骨与创伤

骨科I类(清洁)切口早期感染相关危险因素的前瞻性研究
段小静1, 韩超2,(), 陈洪3   
  1. 1. 053000 衡水,河北省衡水市人民医院血液透析室
    2. 053000 衡水,河北省衡水市人民医院影像中心
    3. 053000 衡水,河北省衡水市人民医院关节运动医学科
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-15 出版日期:2020-08-05
  • 通信作者: 韩超

Prospective study of risk factors analysis about orthopaedic sterile incision with early infection

Xiaojing Duan1, Chao Han2,(), Hong Chen3   

  1. 1. Department of Hemodialysis Room, Hengshui people's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, China
    2. Department of CT Room, Hengshui people's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, China
    3. Department of Joint Sports Medicine, Hengshui people's Hospital, Hengshui 053000, China
  • Received:2020-07-15 Published:2020-08-05
  • Corresponding author: Chao Han
引用本文:

段小静, 韩超, 陈洪. 骨科I类(清洁)切口早期感染相关危险因素的前瞻性研究[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2020, 06(04): 197-203.

Xiaojing Duan, Chao Han, Hong Chen. Prospective study of risk factors analysis about orthopaedic sterile incision with early infection[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2020, 06(04): 197-203.

目的

研究骨科I类切口出现术后早期切口感染的相关危险因素。

方法

前瞻性收集河北省衡水市人民医院骨科中心2020年1月1日至6月30日间收治的I类切口骨科手术患者且符合纳入排除标准的患者779例,随访观察其术后早期感染发生情况,对可能影响术后切口感染的27个指标[患者因素:年龄、性别、职业、城市或农村、BMI、吸烟史、过敏史、手术史、术前合并症、致伤原因;手术相关因素:受伤至手术时间、麻醉时间、麻醉方式、术中有创操作(桡动脉测压)、手术持续时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、术中晶体输入量、术中胶体输入量、术中体温、ASA分级;术前实验室检查:血常规、肝肾功能、血凝分析]进行单因素筛选和logistic回归分析,筛选出骨科术后早期切口感染的独立危险因素。

结果

本研究共759例患者获得完整随访,随访率97.4%。随访时间(6.7±0.9)d,其中男420例,女339例,平均年龄(41±22)岁。随访期间共24例患者出现手术切口感染,其中浅感染22例,深感染2例,感染率为3.16%,且以金黄色葡萄球菌感染为主(55.6%)。单因素分析中两组患者的麻醉方式、白细胞、中性粒细胞计数、血清白蛋白差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),logistic回归分析得出术前低血清白蛋白(P<0.05)为术后早期切口感染的独立危险因素,骨科无菌切口早期感染概率。血清白蛋白≤35 g/L时,感染率高达23.43%。

结论

骨科患者术前低血清白蛋白是I类手术切早期感染独立危险因素,术前提高患者血清白蛋白有利于预防切口早期感染。

Objective

To prospectively study postoperative early infection of orthopaedic sterile incision so as to identify risk factors.

Methods

To investigate and follow up the incidence of early postoperative infection in patients with type I incision admitted to the Orthopedic Center of our hospital from January 1 to June 30, 2020. The 27 indicators that may affect postoperative incision infection were age, gender, occupation, urban or rural area, BMI, smoking history, allergic history, operation history, preoperative complications, and cause of injury The time from injury to operation, anesthesia time, anesthesia method, invasive operation (radial artery manometry), operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, intraoperative lens input, intraoperative colloid input, intraoperative body temperature, preoperative antibiotics, ASA classification; preoperative laboratory examination: routine blood test, liver and kidney function, hemagglutination analysis, univariate screening and logistic regression were performed Objective to analyze and screen the independent risk factors of early postoperative incision infection.

Results

A total of 759 patients were followed up, the follow-up rate was 97.4%. There were 420 males and 339 females with an average age of (41±22) years. During the follow-up period, 24 patients had surgical incision infection, the infection rate was 3.16%, and Staphylococcus aureus infection was the main infection (55.6%). In univariate analysis, there were significant differences in anesthesia mode, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count (neut) and serum albumin (ALB) between the two groups (P<0.05). Logistic regression model analysis indicated that preoperative ALB (P<0.05) were independent risk factors for early postoperative infection of incisional Wound, The probability of infection in orthopedic sterile early incision. ALB≤35 g/L, the infection rate as high as 23.43%.

Conclusion

Highlighting preoperative ALB levels in patients has an important role in improving the prevention of early infection in orthopedic sterile incision.

表1 骨科I类(清洁)切口早期感染相关计数因素的单因素分析结果[例(%)]
影响因素 术后早期感染 χ2 P
性别     1.271 0.260
  16(67.6) 404(55.0)    
  8(33.8) 331(45.0)    
职业     0.413 0.836
  农民 17(70.0) 462(62.8)    
  工人 4(15.0) 113(15.4)    
  学生 3(12.5) 160(21.7)    
居住地     1.040 0.444
  城市 3(13.6) 155(21.1)    
  农村 21(86.4) 580(78.9)    
吸烟     0.011 1.000
  23(95.8) 701(95.4)    
  1(4.2) 34(4.6)    
过敏史     3.129 0.077
  20(83.3) 683(92.9)    
  4(16.7) 52(7.1)    
手术史     2.564 0.154
  23(95.8) 615(83.7)    
  1(4.2) 120(16.3)    
致伤原因     2.200 0.138
  高能量损伤 16(66.7) 377(51.5)    
  低能量损伤 8(33.3) 358(48.7)    
糖尿病     0.082 1.000
  23(95.8) 712(96.9)    
  1(4.2) 23(3.1)    
高血压     1.986 0.187
  19(79.2) 651(88.6)    
  5(20.8) 84(11.4)    
冠心病     0.181 1.000
  23(95.8) 715(97.3)    
  1(4.2) 20(2.7)    
风湿     6.263 0.121
  23(95.8) 732(99.6)    
  1(4.2) 3(0.4)    
乙肝     0.654 0.379
  22(95.7) 658(98.1)    
  1(4.3) 13(1.9)    
丙肝     4.136 0.162
  23(95.8) 667(99.4)    
  1(4.2) 4(0.6)    
梅毒     4.120 0.162
  23(95.8) 665(99.4)    
  1(4.2) 4(0.6)    
麻醉方式     14.079 0.007*
  全麻 6(30.0) 232(38.9)    
  局部麻醉 3(15.0) 36(6.0)    
  腰麻 3(15.0) 238(39.9)    
  臂丛 2(12.4) 45(7.6)    
  颈丛 2(12.4) 25(4.2)    
  静吸复合麻醉 3(15.0) 20(3.4)    
术中有创操作     0.553 0.457
  6(35.3) 272(44.4)    
  11(64.7) 341(55.6)    
ASA分级     50.543 0.000*
  Ⅰ级 1(4.2) 1(0.2)    
  Ⅱ级 12(50.0) 25(4.6)    
  Ⅲ级 7(29.2) 411(76.4)    
  Ⅳ级 3(11.5) 98(18.2)    
  Ⅴ级 1(4.2) 3(0.6)    
表2 骨科I类(清洁)切口早期感染相关计量因素的单因素分析结果(±s
组别 例数 年龄(岁) 出血量(ml) 体温(℃) BMI(kg/m2 受伤至手术时间(d) 术中晶体(ml)
感染组 24 38.75±10.5 412.5±68.94 36.54±9.47 22.45±7.07 12.17±1.77 814.29±152.7
未感染组 725 41.04±11.55 320.54±55.07 36.35±9.41 22.51±6.82 4.79±1.45 732.78±130.38
t   -0.512 0.572 1.263 -0.031 1.737 0.736
P   0.609 0.568 0.207 0.975 0.096 0.462
组别 例数 术中胶体(ml) 手术持续时间(min) 麻醉时间(min) 白细胞(109/L) 中性粒细胞计数(109/L) 淋巴细胞计数(109/L)
感染组 24 707.69±246.21 149.29±39.34 206.07±88.37 9.91±3.53 7.31±1.38 1.81±0.74
未感染组 725 594.49±215.96 118.83±25.77 217.2±83.1 7.28±2.47 4.55±1.32 2.03±0.89
t   0.968 1.703 -0.061 2.269 2.443 -1.158
P   0.334 0.0892 0.952 0.033* 0.023* 0.243
组别 例数 单核细胞计数(109/L) 嗜酸性粒细胞计数(109/L) 嗜碱性粒细胞计数(109/L) 红细胞(1012/L) 血红蛋白(g/L) 血小板(109/L)
感染组 24 0.65±0.14 0.11±0.02 0.03±0.01 4.07±0.74 135.13±27.63 262.32±54.2
未感染组 725 0.55±0.11 0.14±0.04 0.03±0.01 4.37±0.55 141.88±27.6 231.85±73.13
t   1.484 -0.965 0.288 -1.771 -0.668 1.389
P   0.152 0.335 0.773 0.078 0.505 0.178
组别 例数 纤维蛋白原 凝血酶时间 白蛋白(g/L) 球蛋白(g/L) 谷丙转氨酶(U/L) 谷草转氨酶(U/L)
感染组 24 5.02±1.74 14.37±1.52 38.65±6.02 25.91±6.62 31.75±4.96 30.55±5.88
未感染组 725 3.21±1.35 14.06±1.34 42.06±4.01 25.22±6.97 28.09±3.12 23.35±7.46
t   0.865 0.944 -3.894 0.436 0.495 1.14
P   0.402 0.346 0.000* 0.663 0.621 0.255
组别 例数 总胆红素(umol/L) 直接胆红素(umol/L) C反应蛋白(mg/L) 乳酸脱氢酶(U/L) 总胆固醇(mmol/L) 钠(mmol/L)
感染组 24 14.33±3.08 4.54±1.08 26.49±11.04 210.47±113.73 3.96±1.1 145.11±22.01
未感染组 725 14.84±3.06 5.12±1.18 20.19±10.96 192.29±144.83 4.44±1.18 145.93±29.91
t   -0.293 -0.200 0.253 0.541 -1.693 -0.121
P   0.769 0.842 0.801 0.589 0.091 0.904
组别 例数 钾(mmol/L) 氯(mmol/L) 尿素(mmol/L) 肌酐(umol/L) 尿酸(umol/L) 钙(mmol/L) 磷(mmol/L)
感染组 24 4.38±1.89 102.84±30.72 7.17±1.38 76.25±13.13 260.06±126.49 2.02±0.42 1.18±0.22
未感染组 725 4.73±1.92 105.92±23.19 5.43±1.41 62.15±18.37 302.85±110.76 2.13±0.19 1.27±0.28
t   -0.197 -0.578 0.923 0.756 -1.64 -1.182 -1.407
P   0.844 0.563 0.367 0.459 0.101 0.253 0.16
图1 术前不同ALB患者的骨科I类(清洁)切口早期感染率
表3 骨科I类(清洁)切口早期感染影响因素的logistic回归分析结果
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