Abstract:

Citrate is an important part of bones. More than 90% of the citric acid in the human body is stored in bone tissue, which participates in the maintenance of bone microstructure and mechanical strength. Citric acid has always been known as an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is an essential metabolite involved in various biological processes, such as energy metabolism, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. Recent studies have found that citric acid may play an important role in the process of bone tissue formation and bone mineralization. Further studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between the severity of osteoporosis and the level of citric acid, and the loss of citrate in the bones may aggravate the development of osteoporosis. Exogenous citric acid supplements and citric acid-based repair materials may provide effective ways to prevent osteoporosis and promote bone repair. This paper reviews the current understanding of the relationship between citrate and osteoporosis, expounds the role of citric acid in bone formation, bone structure and function in the bone microenvironment, explores its specific regulation mechanism, and finally summarizes and evaluates the research progress of citric acid supplements and citric acid-based bone repair materials. This not only further clarifies the key scientific issues in bone biology and bone metabolism regulation, but also provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of new bone repair materials.

Key words: Citric acid, Citric acid-based bone repair materials, Osteoporosis