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中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (06) : 338 -344. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-0263.2022.06.004

髋部骨折

髋部骨折术后肺炎发生的危险因素分析
黄秉志1, 陈楠楠1,()   
  1. 1. 214062 无锡市第九人民医院手术室
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2022-12-05
  • 通信作者: 陈楠楠
  • 基金资助:
    无锡市卫生厅课题(Q201750)

Risk factors for pneumonia in patients with hip fractures after surgery

Bingzhi Huang1, Nannan Chen1,()   

  1. 1. Department of operation, Ninth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, 214062, China
  • Received:2021-01-05 Published:2022-12-05
  • Corresponding author: Nannan Chen
引用本文:

黄秉志, 陈楠楠. 髋部骨折术后肺炎发生的危险因素分析[J/OL]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2022, 08(06): 338-344.

Bingzhi Huang, Nannan Chen. Risk factors for pneumonia in patients with hip fractures after surgery[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2022, 08(06): 338-344.

目的

探索可能影响髋部骨折术后肺炎发生的潜在危险因素。

方法

回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月间本院收治的髋部骨折患者595例,根据是否合并术后肺炎,分为肺炎组和非肺炎组两组。通过电子病历系统收集患者一般资料,骨折类型、受伤机制、麻醉方式、术后第1天血液指标等资料,首先对部分连续量进行受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析,找出最优截断值。然后采用独立样本t检验或χ2检验进行组间比较,将具有统计学差异的变量纳入二元logistic回归模型进行分析。

结果

老年髋部骨折术后1月内肺炎的发生率约为10.3%(58/565例)。多因素分析显示:年龄>86岁(OR=2.536,P=0.003),肺病史(OR=4.338,P<0.001),麻醉方式(全麻)(OR=2.638,P=0.005),重症监护病房(ICU)经历(OR=7.382,P=0.002)。

结论

了解肺炎发生的危险因素,对于医护人员预测术后肺炎的发生有一定临床价值,有助于提高对危险人群的筛查,进而加强该类人群的肺部护理,最大可能降低术后肺炎的发生率。

Objective

This respective study aimed to detect the risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in patients with hip fractures after surgery.

Methods

From January 2015 to January 2019, a total of 565 patients with hip fracture in our hospital were revised, and they were divided into two groups: pneumonia group and non-pneumonia group. The demographic and fracture characteristics, surgical data and laboratory test results in first day after surgery were reviewed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used.

Results

The incidence of postoperative pneumonia in hip fractures patients were 10.3% (58/565). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that: age>86 years (OR=2.536, P=0.003), general anesthesia) (OR=2.638, P=0.005), lung disease (OR=4.338, P<0.001), and ICU(OR=7.382, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for the postoperative pneumonia in hip fractures patients.

Conclusion

The discovery of risk factors for the postoperative pneumonia will facilitate to improve the screening of at-risk groups, to take targeted management, and to help reduce the developing of postoperative pneumonia.

图1 髋部骨折患者筛选流程图
图2 受试者工作特征曲线图
表1 采用ROC曲线对部分连续变量进行分析
表2 髋部骨折患者肺炎组和非肺炎组间一般资料及手术资料的单因素对比分析
变量 非肺炎组(n=507) 肺炎组(n=58) 统计值(tχ2 P
年龄>86岁 114(22.5) 24(41.4) 10.065 0.002
居住地(城市) 263(51.9) 26(44.8) 1.034 0.309
性别(女) 344(67.9) 31(53.4) 1.837 0.028
侧别(左) 257(50.7) 24(41.4) 1.805 0.179
高血压 248(48.9) 28(48.3) 0.009 0.926
糖尿病( 107(21.1) 10(17.2) 0.473 0.492
脑血管病 174(34.3) 23(39.7) 0.652 0.419
心血管病 194(38.3) 33(56.9) 7.517 0.006
肺病使 26(5.1) 15(25.9) 33.245 <0.001
吸烟史 18(3.6) 3(5.2) 0.383 0.536
肿瘤史 10(2.0) 0(0.0) 1.165 0.281
肝病史 8(1.6) 3(5.2) 3.523 0.061
肾病史 19(3.7) 4(6.9) 1.322 0.250
手术史 82(16.2) 9(15.5) 0.017 0.898
合并症数量     19.839 <0.001
  0 75(14.8) 0(0.0)    
  1~2 114(22.5) 5(8.6)    
  >2 318(62.7) 53(91.4)    
损伤原因(高能量损伤) 22(4.3) 1(1.7) 1.152 0.562
ASA3-4 283(55.8) 321(56.9) 2.272 0.518
BMI     3.376 0.497
  <18.5 41(8.1) 3(5.2)    
  18.5~23.9 305(60.2) 41(70.7)    
  24~27.9 122(24.1) 10(17.2)    
  27~31.9 2(6.3) 4(6.9)    
  ≥32 7(1.4) 0(0.0)    
骨折类型     1.304 0.309
  股骨颈骨折 263(51.9) 26(44.8)    
  股骨粗隆间骨折 244(32.0) 32(55.2)    
手术类型     0.368 0.544
  关节置换 239(46.2) 20(41.7)    
  非关节置换 278(53.8) 28(58.3)    
麻醉时间(分) 117.7±44.0 118.0±34.7 0.634 0.526
术前住院时间>4 d 123(24.3) 24(41.4) 7.924 0.005
麻醉方式(全麻) 227(44.8) 16(27.6) 6.272 0.012
医师级别(副高及以上) 95(18.7) 6(10.3) 2.497 0.114
ICU经历(是) 9(1.8) 8(13.8) 396.729 <0.001
表3 髋部骨折患者术后肺炎组和非肺炎组间血液指标的单因素对比分析[例(%)]
表4 髋部骨折术后30 d内肺炎形成的多因素Logistics回归分析
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