Patients with spinal cord injury have different degrees of neurogenic bladder symptoms, resulting in various complications of urinary system, which can subsequently lead to renal failure and even death. Therefore, it is important to optimize rehabilitation and treatment for patients with neurogenic bladder induced by spinal cord injury, to improve life quality and reduce long-term mortality. In this article we did a literature review study to summarize the changes of neurogenic bladder, highlight the matters should be paid attention to in the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of neurogenic bladder, and eventually make a detailed overview of conservative treatment, rehabilitation care, surgical treatment and other issues, in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.