To evaluate the clinical effect of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium phosphate bone cement injection in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures by analysis the clinical and imaging results.

Forty-nine patients were enrolled this study. Patients were divided into group A(23 cases) and group B (26 cases). Patients in group A were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium phosphate bone cement injection in the thoracolumbar fractures, while patients in group B were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. VAS pain scores, ODI scores, anterior compression ratio of injured vertebrae and Cobb angle were monitored before surgical treatment and after surgical treatment at 1 week and last follow-up.

All the 49 patients were followed up satisfactorily for 12 to 16 months, with an average follow-up time of (13.5±2.2) months and a follow-up rate of 100%. The amount of bleeding and the average length of stay had no statistical between the two groups. The operation time of group A was longer than that in group B (t=3.681, P=0.001). RMANOVA analysis showed no significant difference about anterior compression ratio of injured vertebrae, Cobb angle, ODI and VAS scores between two groups, (F=5.139, F=17.830, F=3.351, F=3.840, P<0.05), and the differences at different time points were statistically significant (F=362.923, F=352.555, F=956.735, F=347.468, P<0.05). With the extension of time, the anterior compression ratio of the injured vertebra in the two groups increased compared with that before surgery, and the last follow-up group decreased compared with that after surgery, and the anterior compression ratio of the injured vertebra in the last follow-up group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The Cobb Angle in both groups was smaller than that before the operation and increased in the last follow-up than that after the operation. The Cobb Angle in group A was better than that in group B after the operation and at the last follow-up (P<0.05). ODI score of the two groups gradually decreased, and ODI score of group A at the last follow-up was lower than that of group B (P<0.05). VAS score of the two groups gradually decreased, and VAS score of group A at the last follow-up was lower than that of group B (P<0.05).

The operation of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium phosphate bone cement injection in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures can effectively restore vertebral height, enhance early vertebral support strength, improve patients function and prevent vertebral height loss post-operation, which is a safe and effective surgical procedure.