Recurrent patellar dislocation is a common disease causing knee dysfunction in adolescents, it is defined as two or more times of patellar dislocation, which is a common disease in orthopedics and sports medicine. There are many causes of recurrent patellar dislocation, but the abnormal mechanical environment of patella in motion is the root cause of instability.It is found that the medial patellofemoral ligament is considered as the most important soft tissue structure to limit the external dislocation of the patella, so the reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament plays an important role in the successful treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation. However, recurrent patella dislocation is often a multi-factor clinical problem. In addition to correcting soft tissue abnormalities, abnormal bone structure is also a problem that cannot be ignored. This article reviews the recent studies on the anatomy, biomechanics, surgical techniques, treatment results and postoperative complications of the medial patellofemoral ligament.